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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nami</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды НАМИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trudy NAMI</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0135-3152</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП «НАМИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nami-124</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДВИГАТЕЛЕСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENGINE DEVELOPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы бензинового двигателя с высоким наддувом: турбо лаг. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>High-pressure gasoline engine problems: turbo lag. Part 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонкин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonkin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер, заведующий научно-исследовательским отделом ДВС с искровым зажиганием центра «Энергоустановки»</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer, head of the Research department for spark ignition engines of сenter “Power unit”</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">val.sonkin2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГУП «НАМИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сонкин В.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сонкин В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sonkin V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/124">https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/124</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Понижение размерности (рабочего объёма) и одновременный наддув бензинового двигателя внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) для сохранения или улучшения ездовых качеств легкового автомобиля является популярным направлением развития мирового автостроения, направленным на значительное (до 20–30%) снижение расхода топлива и выбросов СО2. Практическая реализация этой концепции требует решения ряда проблем, наиболее трудной из которых является ухудшение ездовых качеств автомобиля из-за турбо лага.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и методы</title><p>Методология и методы. Обзор причин и мероприятий, позволяющих минимизировать турбо лаг при понижении размерности ДВС, базируется на сравнительном анализе результатов экспериментальных и расчётных исследований турбо лага, приведённых в зарубежных и отечественных публикациях за последние несколько лет.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Впервые обобщены и систематизированы основные причины возникновения турбо лага в бензиновом двигателе при понижении его размерности, а также факторы, позволяющие его устранить или уменьшить. Лучшей комбинацией технологий ДВС, позволяющей уменьшить турбо лаг, остаются непосредственный впрыск бензина и регулируемый клапанный привод. Обе технологии повышают наполнение благодаря охлаждению заряда, первая – за счёт испарения топлива в цилиндре, вторая – вследствие продувки камеры сгорания. Оценена эффективность новых технологий ДВС: разделения периода выпуска, рекомпрессии, переохлаждения наддувочного воздуха. Для экстремального понижения размерности рекомендован комбинированный турбонаддув с механическим или электрическим нагнетателем. Последний совместим с электрификацией силового привода и позволяет ДВС работать практически без турбо лага, с пониженными на 25–33% расходом топлива и выбросами СО2.</p><p>Практическая значимость заключается в возможности использования результатов работы при выборе схемы и конструктивных решений для перспективного бензинового двигателя пониженной размерности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. A “mega-trend” in the global automotive industry, aimed at the significant (up to 20–30%) lowering of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions is the downsizing and simultaneous boosting of the gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) to maintain or improve a passenger car rideability. The practical implementation of this concept requires solution of a number of problems the most difficult is the quality deterioration of the vehicle ride caused by the turbo lag.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. A review of the reasons and measures undertaken to minimize the turbo lag while lowering the internal combustion engine dimension is based on a comparative analysis of the results of experimental and calculated studies of the turbo lag presented in foreign and domestic publications over the past few years.</p><p>Scientific novelty and results. For the first time the main causes of the appearance of a turbo lag in a downsized gasoline engine as well as factors that allow them to be eliminated or reduced have been generalized and systematized. The best combination of ICE technology which permits turbo lag reduction is the one of a direct gasoline injection and the adjustment of a valve actuator. Both technologies increase filling due to the charge cooling, the first – due to the fuel evaporation in the cylinder, the second – due to the combustion chamber purge. The effectiveness of the new ICE technologies was evaluated: exhaust period separation, recompression, charge air supercooling, for extreme downsizing. A combined turbocharger with a mechanical or electric supercharger was recommended for extreme downsizing. The latter was compatible with the electrification of the power drive and allowed the internal combustion engine to operate almost without a turbo lag with reduced fuel consumption by 25–33% and CO2 emissions.</p><p>The practical significance of work lies in the possibility of using its results when choosing a circuit and design solutions for a promising low-dimensional gasoline engine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бензиновый двигатель</kwd><kwd>пониженная размерность</kwd><kwd>турбо лаг</kwd><kwd>высокий наддув</kwd><kwd>турбонаддув</kwd><kwd>механический наддув</kwd><kwd>электрический наддув</kwd><kwd>непосредственный впрыск</kwd><kwd>задержка отклика</kwd><kwd>расход топлива</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gasoline engine</kwd><kwd>downsizing</kwd><kwd>turbo lag</kwd><kwd>high boost</kwd><kwd>turbocharging</kwd><kwd>supercharging</kwd><kwd>electric boost</kwd><kwd>direct injection</kwd><kwd>response delay</kwd><kwd>fuel consumption</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joshi A. 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