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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nami</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды НАМИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trudy NAMI</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0135-3152</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП «НАМИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-42-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nami-273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВТОМОБИЛЕСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AUTOMOBILE DEVELOPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проектирование направляющего аппарата подвески из алюминиевых сплавов для многоцелевого беспилотного транспортно-технологического средства с использованием метода топологической оптимизации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Designing guiding device of suspension made of aluminum alloys for multi-purpose driverless vehicle using topological optimization method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левенков</surname><given-names>Я. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levenkov</surname><given-names>Ya. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левенков Ярослав Юрьевич – канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра СМ-10 «Колёсные машины»</p><p>г. Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Eng), associate professor, Department of Wheeled Vehicles</p><p>Moscow 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lique87@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичекин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichekin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чичекин Илья Викторович – канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра СМ-10 «Колёсные машины»</p><p>г. Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Eng), associate professor, Department of Wheeled Vehicles</p><p>Moscow 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hiv2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вдовин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vdovin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вдовин Денис Сергеевич – канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра СМ-10 «Колёсные машины»</p><p>г. Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Eng), associate professor, Department of Wheeled Vehicles</p><p>Moscow 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vdovinsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нырков</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nyrkov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нырков Филипп Алексеевич – кафедра СМ-10 «Колёсные машины»</p><p>г. Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Wheeled Vehicles</p><p>Moscow 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nfa18m127@student.bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Душкин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dushkin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Душкин Максим Александрович – кафедра СМ-10 «Колёсные машины»</p><p>г. Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Wheeled Vehicles</p><p>Moscow 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dushkinma@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Ксения Владимировна – кафедра СМ-10 «Колёсные машины»</p><p>г. Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Wheeled Vehicles</p><p>Moscow 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">popovakv@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Левенков Я.Ю., Чичекин И.В., Вдовин Д.С., Нырков Ф.А., Душкин М.А., Попова К.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Левенков Я.Ю., Чичекин И.В., Вдовин Д.С., Нырков Ф.А., Душкин М.А., Попова К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levenkov Y.Y., Chichekin I.V., Vdovin D.S., Nyrkov F.A., Dushkin M.A., Popova K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/273">https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/273</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение (постановка задачи и актуальность). В настоящее время широко распространено применение мобильных беспилотных транспортно-технологических средств для автоматизации рабочих процессов и удалённого управления транспортным средством (ТС), исключая непосредственное присутствие человека в опасных зонах. В основном, такие ТС имеют электрическую силовую установку, а в качестве устройств хранения энергии выступают аккумуляторные батареи. Для снижения количества операций при движении таких ТС удобно использовать симметричную конструкцию ходовой части относительно его продольной и поперечной плоскостей. Снижение энергопотребления позволит повысить энергоэффективность при выполнении транспортных и иных технологических операций. Одним из направлений повышения энергоэффективности является снижение массы элементов таких ТС. Это можно достичь за счёт применения материалов с высокой удельной прочностью, таких как алюминиевые сплавы, и разработкой оптимальных силовых схем для конструкций таких элементов. Объект исследования – беспилотное транспортно-технологическое средство с колёсной формулой 4х4 полной массой 830 кг. Предметом исследования являются методы оптимального проектирования силовых конструкций ТС и их использование в зависимости от условий эксплуатации.</p><p>Цель исследования – разработать методику проектирования элементов подвески ТС, имеющего симметричную конструкцию ходовой части из алюминиевого сплава с учётом режимов нагружения.</p><sec><title>Методология и методы</title><p>Методология и методы. В статье представлена динамическая математическая модель колёсной машины для определения нагрузок, созданная в программе моделирования динамики твёрдых тел, методика приведения нагрузок к одному узлу подвески (левому переднему колесу), силовые схемы элементов подвески, полученные с использованием топологической оптимизации, и проверочные прочностные расчёты, выполненные с применением метода конечных элементов, подтверждающие работоспособность конструкции.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. В работе представлен способ приведения нагрузок, полученных для всех элементов подвески, к одной – левой передней, так как беспилотное транспортно-технологическое средство имеет симметричную конструкцию ходовой части. С учётом этого разработаны твердотельная динамическая модель и алгоритм обработки полученных нагрузок для конечно-элементной модели. Также выбраны типовые режимы нагружения транспортно-технологического средства. Проведено распределение нагрузок на следующие типы: эксплуатационные, экстремальные и аварийные. Даны рекомендации для выбора ограничений при проведении топологической оптимизации в зависимости от типа режима. В результате получены силовые схемы элементов направляющего аппарата подвески. Проведены проверочные расчёты, подтверждающие работоспособность конструкции.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при создании высоконагруженных элементов колёсных машин.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Currently, mobile driverless transport and technological means are widely used for automation of work processes and remote control over a vehicle, excluding immediate human attendance in dangerous areas. Generally, such vehicles feature an electric powerplant while using batteries as energy storage devices. In order to reduce the number of operations during such vehicle driving, it is convenient to use a running gear design that is symmetric relative to its longitudinal and transverse planes. Reducing energy consumption will allow increasing in energy efficiency when performing transport and other technological operations. One of the ways to improve energy efficiency is to reduce the weight of elements of such vehicles. This can be achieved by using materials with high specific strength, such as aluminum alloys, and by developing optimum loading patterns for such element structures. The object of the study is a driverless 4x4 vehicle with the fully loaded weight of 830 kg. The research subject is the methods of optimum designing of vehicle load-bearing structures and their use taking into account the operating conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop the methodology for designing suspension elements for a vehicle with a symmetric design of the running gear made of aluminum alloy taking into account the loading modes.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The paper presents a dynamic mathematical model of the wheeled vehicle for determination of loads created in a program for rigid bodies dynamics modeling, the methodology for bringing the loads to one suspension unit (front left wheel), loading patterns for suspension elements obtained with the use of topological optimization and strength calculations performed with application of the finite element method confirming the design functionality.</p><p>Scientific novelty and results. The paper presents the method for bringing the loads obtained for all suspension elements to the front left point, since the driverless vehicle has a symmetrical running gear design. Taking this into account, a rigid-body dynamic model and an algorithm for processing the obtained loads for a finite element model were developed. Also, typical modes of vehicle loading were selected. The loads were distributed among the following types: operational, extreme and emergency ones. Recommendations were given for the choice of restrictions when conducting topological optimization depending on the mode type. As a result, loading patterns for suspension guiding device elements were obtained. Check calculations were carried out to confirm the design functionality.</p><p>Practical significance. The obtained results can be used in development of highly loaded elements of wheeled vehicles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расчёт на прочность</kwd><kwd>топологическая оптимизация</kwd><kwd>многоцелевое роботизированное транспортное средство</kwd><kwd>нагрузочные режимы</kwd><kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd><kwd>нагрузки</kwd><kwd>несущая система</kwd><kwd>динамика твёрдых тел</kwd><kwd>виртуальный прототип</kwd><kwd>алюминиевый сплав</kwd><kwd>литьё</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>strength calculation</kwd><kwd>topological optimization</kwd><kwd>multi-purpose robotic vehicle</kwd><kwd>loading modes</kwd><kwd>finite element method</kwd><kwd>loads</kwd><kwd>load-carrying system</kwd><kwd>rigid body dynamics</kwd><kwd>virtual prototype</kwd><kwd>aluminum alloy</kwd><kwd>casting</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">НИР выполнена в рамках соглашения с Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации о предоставлении из федерального бюджета грантов в форме субсидий в соответствии с пунктом 4 статьи 78.1 Бюджетного кодекса Российской Федерации № 075-15-2021-1191 Приказ № 02.01-03/659 от 01.06.2022 «О выполнении НИР в рамках реализации программы «Приоритет-2030»». 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