<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nami</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды НАМИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trudy NAMI</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0135-3152</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП «НАМИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-60-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nami-274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ, АНАЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS, ANALYTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка рационального модельного ряда гидродинамических трансформаторов на основе их ключевых параметров: обзор существующих подходов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of a rational model range of hydrodynamic torque transformers based on their key parameters: existing approaches overview</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белабенко</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belabenko</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белабенко Дмитрий Сергеевич – канд. техн. наук, начальник отдела расчётов и научного сопровождения проектов</p><p>г. Минск 220021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Eng), head of Department of calculations and scientifi c support of projects</p><p>Minsk 220021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Belabenko_D@mzkt.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Открытое акционерное общество «Минский завод колёсных тягачей»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белабенко Д.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белабенко Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belabenko D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/274">https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/274</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение (постановка задачи и актуальность). Современные научные публикации о гидродинамических трансформаторах связаны с темой оптимизации их конструкции с целью снизить стоимость изготовления при одновременном повышении или несущественном ухудшении преобразующих свойств и топливной экономичности. Вопросу построения рациональных модельных рядов гидродинамических трансформаторов внимание не уделяется.</p><p>Цель исследования – анализ существующих подходов к разработке модельных рядов гидродинамических трансформаторов и поиск критериев для разработки более качественной расчётной методики.</p><p>Методология и методы. Исследования проводились путём сравнения рассматриваемых модельных рядов гидродинамических трансформаторов различных производителей, определением общих параметров, применяемых для классификации таких моделей в модельном ряду.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. В результате анализа модельных рядов гидродинамических трансформаторов и существующих методик разработки модельных рядов гидродинамических трансформаторов проведена классификация подходов к их разработке. Даны рекомендации по параметрам, которые следует учитывать при разработке модельных рядов гидродинамических трансформаторов.</p><p>Практическая значимость заключается в систематизации информации о модельных рядах гидродинамических трансформаторов разных производителей. Показано, что построение модельных рядов гидродинамических трансформаторов по известным методикам не учитывает соответствия их ключевых параметров характеристикам применяемой совместно с ними номенклатуры двигателей внутреннего сгорания. Предлагается подход, предусматривающий такой учёт.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Today's scientific papers on hydrodynamic torque transformers are related to the topic of optimising their design in order to decrease the cost of manufacture with improvement or insignificant degradation of transforming properties and fuel economy at the same time. However, no attention is paid to the issue of building rational model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing approaches to development of model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers and to search for criteria for development of a higher-quality calculation method.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The study was carried out by comparing the model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers in question produced by various manufacturers and defining the common parameters applied to classify models in a model range.</p><p>Scientific novelty and results. As a result of the analysis of model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers and existing methods of development of model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers, classification of approaches to their development has been carried out. Recommendations were also given regarding the parameters to be considered when developing model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers.</p><p>The practical significance consists in the systematization of information about the model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers of different manufacturers. It is shown that building model ranges of hydrodynamic torque transformers according to the known methods does not take into account correspondence of their key parameters with the characteristics of the range of internal combustion engines applied together therewith. The paper offers the approach, which takes this aspect into account.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидродинамический трансформатор</kwd><kwd>модельный ряд</kwd><kwd>оценочные показатели</kwd><kwd>ключевые параметры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrodynamic torque transformer</kwd><kwd>hydrodynamic torque converter</kwd><kwd>model range</kwd><kwd>estimated values</kwd><kwd>key parameters</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белабенко Д.С., Романенко С.А., Друтько К.И. Расчётное построение модельного ряда гидродинамических трансформаторов для семейства гидромеханических передач ОАО «МЗКТ» в мощностном диапазоне 150…480 кВт // Актуальные вопросы машиноведения. – 2016. – Вып. 5. – С. 57–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belabenko D.S., Romanenko S.A., Drut’ko K.I. [The estimated construction of torque converters model range for the family of hydromechanical transmissions in the power range 150–480 kW of the JSC “MZKT”]. Aktual’nye voprosy mashinovedeniya, 2016, issue 5, pp. 57–63. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурьян В.А., Малаховский С.Л., Лукьянов А.И., Белабенко Д.С., Пуйман Д.В. Перспективы востребованности компетенций в области разработки и производства гидромеханических передач // Грузовик. – 2021. – № 7. – С. 9–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bur’yan V.A., Malakhovskiy S.L., Luk’yanov A.I., Belabenko D.S., Puyman D.V. [Prospects for the demand for competencies in the development and production of hydromechanical transmissions]. Gruzovik, 2021, no. 7, pp. 9–16. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Automotive torque converter market – growth, trends, Covid-19 impact, and forecasts (2023–2028). URL: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/automotive-torque-converter-market (дата обращения: 11.01.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Automotive torque converter market – growth, trends, Covid-19 impact, and forecasts (2023–2028). Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/automotive-torque-converter-market (accessed 11 January 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нарбут А.Н. Гидротрансформаторы. – М.: Машиностроение, 1966. – 216 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narbut A.N. [Torque converters]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1966. 216 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinette D., Anderson C., Blough J. Development of a dimensionless model for predicting the onset of cavitation in torque converters / New advances in vehicular technology and automotive engineering [Edited by Joao Paulo and Joao Eduardo Ribeiro]. – 2012. – P. 333–358. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/45793.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinette D., Anderson C., Blough J. Development of a dimensionless model for predicting the onset of cavitation in torque converters. New advances in vehicular technology and automotive engineering [Edited by Joao Paulo and Joao Eduardo Ribeiro], 2012, pp. 333–358. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/45793.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гидромеханические передачи. URL: https://www.volatdefence.com/katalog/komplektuyushhie/gidromehanicheskie-peredachi/ (дата обращения: 15.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Hydromechanical transmissions]. Available at: https://www.volatdefence.com/katalog/komplektuyushhie/gidromehanicheskie-peredachi/ (accessed 15 July 2022). (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Technisches Handbuch fȕr Einbau, Funktion und Inbetriebnahme. ZF-ECOMAT 2 plus HP 502 / HP 592 / HP 602 fur Stadt-, Linien- und Reisebusse. – Deutschland: ZF Friedrichshafen AG, MC-C, 2004. – 214 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Technisches Handbuch fȕr Einbau, Funktion und Inbetriebnahme. ZF-ECOMAT 2 plus HP 502 / HP 592 / HP 602 fur Stadt-, Linien- und Reisebusse. Deutschland: ZF Friedrichshafen AG, MC-C, 2004. 214 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Light speed transmission. URL: https://www.koenigsegg.com/lst (дата обращения: 14.12.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Light speed transmission. Available at: https://www.koenigsegg.com/lst (accessed 14 December 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">7-ступенчатая АКП КАТЕ. URL: https://katem.ru/projects/razrabotka-avtomaticheskikh-korobok-peredach/7-stupenchataya-akp/ (дата обращения: 14.12.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[7-speed automatic transmission KATE]. Available at: https://katem.ru/projects/razrabotka-avtomaticheskikh-korobok-peredach/7-stupenchataya-akp/ (accessed 14 December 2022). (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">9-ступенчатая АКП КАТЕ. URL: https://katem.ru/projects/razrabotka-avtomaticheskikh-korobok-peredach/9-stupenchataya-akp/ (дата обращения: 15.12.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[9-speed automatic transmission KATE]. Available at: https://katem.ru/projects/razrabotka-avtomaticheskikh-korobok-peredach/9-stupenchataya-akp/ (accessed 15 December 2022). (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y.F., Lakshminarayana B., Burningham J. Flow field in the turbine rotor passage in an automotive torque converter based on the high frequency response rotating five-hole probe measurement. Part II: Flow field at the off-design condition and effects of speed ratio // International Journal of Rotating Machinery. – 2001. – V. 7. – No. 4. – P. 271–284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y.F., Lakshminarayana B., Burningham J. Flow field in the turbine rotor passage in an automotive torque converter based on the high frequency response rotating five-hole probe measurement. Part II: Flow field at the off -design condition and effects of speed ratio. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2001, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 271–284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y.F., Lakshminarayana B., Burningham J. Flow field in the turbine rotor passage in an automotive torque converter based on the high frequency response rotating five-hole probe measurement. Part I: Flow field at the design condition (speed ratio 0.6) // International Journal of Rotating Machinery. – 2001. – V. 7. – No. 4. – P. 253–269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y.F., Lakshminarayana B., Burningham J. Flow field in the turbine rotor passage in an automotive torque converter based on the high frequency response rotating five-hole probe measurement. Part I: Flow field at the design condition (speed ratio 0.6). International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2001, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 253–269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Chun., Liu Chan., Ma W. Mathematical model for elliptic torus of automotive torque converter and fundamental analysis of its effect on performance // Mathematical Problems in Engineering. – 2015. – 13 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/851816.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Chun., Liu Chan., Ma W. Mathematical model for elliptic torus of automotive torque converter and fundamental analysis of its effect on performance. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015, 13 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/851816.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinette D.L., Schweitzer J.M., Maddock D.G., Anderson C.L., Blough J.R., Johnson M.A. Predicting the onset of cavitation in automotive torque converters – Part I: Designs with geometric similitude // International Journal of Rotating Machinery. – 2008. – 8 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/803940.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinette D.L., Schweitzer J.M., Maddock D.G., Anderson C.L., Blough J.R., Johnson M.A. Predicting the onset of cavitation in automotive torque converters – Part I: Designs with geometric similitude. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2008, 8 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/803940.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marathe B.V., Lakshminarayana B. Experimental investigation of steady and unsteady fl ow field upstream and downstream of an automotive torque converter pump // International Journal of Rotating Machinery. – 1999. – V. 5. – No. 2. – P. 99–116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marathe B.V., Lakshminarayana B. Experimental investigation of steady and unsteady fl ow field upstream and downstream of an automotive torque converter pump. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 1999, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 99–116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinette D.L., Schweitzer J.M., Maddock D.G., Anderson C.L., Blough J.R., Johnson M.A. Predicting the onset of cavitation in automotive torque converters – Part II: A generalized model // International Journal of Rotating Machinery. – 2008. – 8 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/312753.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinette D.L., Schweitzer J.M., Maddock D.G., Anderson C.L., Blough J.R., Johnson M.A. Predicting the onset of cavitation in automotive torque converters – Part II: A generalized model. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2008, 8 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/312753.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson C.L., Zeng L., Sweger P.O., Narain A. Experimental investigation of cavitation signatures in an automotive torque converter using a microwave telemetry technique // International Journal of Rotating Machinery. – 2003. – No. 9. – P. 403–410. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236210390241637.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson C.L., Zeng L., Sweger P.O., Narain A. Experimental investigation of cavitation signatures in an automotive torque converter using a microwave telemetry technique. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2003, no. 9, pp. 403–410. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236210390241637.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Chun., Li L., Liu Chan., Yubo Zh. Drag reduction and Performance improvement of hydraulic torque converters with multiple biological characteristics // Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. – 2016. – 14 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/364165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Chun., Li L., Liu Chan., Yubo Zh. Drag reduction and Performance improvement of hydraulic torque converters with multiple biological characteristics. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2016, 14 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/364165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автоматические коробки передач Allison. URL: http://www.ndgs.ru/Transmissions (дата обращения: 11.01.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Allison automatic transmissions]. Available at: http://www.ndgs.ru/Transmissions (accessed 11 January 2023). (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ZF. Commercial Vehicle Solutions. EcoLife 2. Clean. Quiet. Effi cient. URL: https://www.zf.com/products/en/cv/products_64274.html#details_divider658792 (дата обращения: 11.01.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ZF. Commercial Vehicle Solutions. EcoLife 2. Clean. Quiet. Effi cient. Available at: https://www.zf.com/products/en/cv/products_64274.html#details_divider658792 (accessed 11 January 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ZF. Products for Passenger Cars. Torque Converter. Driving comfort through smooth gear changes and low consumption. URL: https://www.zf.com/products/en/cars/products_65854.html (дата обращения: 11.01.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ZF. Products for Passenger Cars. Torque Converter. Driving comfort through smooth gear changes and low consumption. Available at: https://www.zf.com/products/en/cars/products_65854.html (accessed 11 January 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ZF Sachs auf einen Blick. Bereich Antriebstrang. Produktbereich Drehmomentwandler: Facts and Figures ZF Sachs 2005. – Deutschland: ZF Sachs AG, 2006. – 19 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ZF Sachs auf einen Blick. Bereich Antriebstrang. Produktbereich Drehmomentwandler: Facts and Figures ZF Sachs 2005. Deutschland: ZF Sachs AG, 2006. 19 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torque converters for construction machinery and lift trucks. – Germany: ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2012. – 8 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torque converters for construction machinery and lift trucks. Germany: ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2012. 8 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каталог изделий Производственного объединения «Литмашдеталь». – М., 2013. – 40 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Catalog of products of the Production Association “Litmashdetal”]. Moscow, 2013. 40 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 20228-74. Гидротрансформаторы грузовых автомобилей, автобусов и тракторов. Основные параметры. – Введ. 1976–01–01. – М.: Издательство стандартов, 1976. – 5 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[GOST 20228-74. Torque converters for commercial vehicles, buses and tractors. Basic parameters]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo standartov Publ., 1976. 5 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стесин С.П., Яковенко Е.А. Лопастные машины и гидродинамические передачи: Учебник для студентов вузов по специальности «Гидравлические машины, гидроприводы и гидропневмоавтоматика». – М.: Машиностроение, 1990. – 240 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stesin S.P., Yakovenko E.A. [Vane machines and hydrodynamic transmissions: A textbook for university students in the specialty “Hydraulic machines, hydraulic drives and hydropneumoautomatics”]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1990. 240 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Проектирование трансмиссий автомобилей: справ. Под общ. ред. Гришкевича А.И. – М.: Машиностроение, 1984. – 269 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Design of vehicle transmissions: ed. by Grishkevich A.I.]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1984. 269 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 8032-84. Предпочтительные числа и ряды предпочтительных чисел. – Введ. 1985–07–01. – М.: Издательство стандартов, 1987. – 17 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[GOST 8032-84. Preferred numbers and series of preferred numbers]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo standartov Publ., 1987. 17 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горбунов П.П., Черпак Ф.А., Львовский К.Я. Гидромеханические трансмиссии тракторов. – М.: Машиностроение, 1966. – 448 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbunov P.P., Cherpak F.A., L’vovskiy K.Ya. [Hydromechanical transmissions of tractors]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1966. 448 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трушин Н.Н. Гидродинамический трансформатор с изменяемой структурой / Инновационное развитие техники и технологий наземного транспорта: сборник статей Всероссийской науч.-практ. конф., посвящённой 90-летию кафедры подъёмно-транспортных машин и роботов (Екатеринбург, 6 декабря 2019 г.). – Екатеринбург: Издательство Уральского ун-та, 2020. – С. 94–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trushin N.N. [Variable structure hydrodynamic transformer]. [Innovative development of equipment and technologies of land transport: collection of articles of the All-Russian scientific-practical. Conf. dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Department of Handling Machines and Robots (Yekaterinburg, December 6, 2019)]. Ekaterinburg, Izdatel’stvo Ural’skogo universiteta Publ., 2020, pp. 94–96. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кацнельсон Д.Э., Шапошник Л.В. Выбор характеристики прототипного гидротрансформатора для трансмиссии тяжёлого автомобиля / Труды семинара «Гидромеханические передачи автомобилей», 12–15 декабря 1967 г. – М., 1969. – С. 115–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsnel’son D.E., Shaposhnik L.V. [Selecting the characteristics of a prototype torque converter for a heavy vehicle transmission]. [Proceedings of the seminar “Hydromechanical transmissions of automobiles”, December 12–15, 1967]. Moscow, 1969, pp. 115–127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альгин В.Б., Поддубко С.Н. Ресурсная механика трансмиссий мобильных машин. – Минск: Беларуская навука, 2019. – 549 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al’gin V.B., Poddubko S.N. [Resource mechanics of mobile vehicle transmissions]. Minsk, Belaruskaya navuka Publ., 2019. 549 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стесин С.П., Яковенко Е.А. Гидродинамические передачи. – М.: Машиностроение, 1973. – 352 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stesin S.P., Yakovenko E.A. [Hydrodynamic transmissions]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1973. 352 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трусов С.М. Автомобильные гидротрансформаторы. – М.: Машиностроение, 1977. – 271 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trusov S.M. [Automotive torque converters]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1977. 271 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
