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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nami</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды НАМИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trudy NAMI</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0135-3152</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП «НАМИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nami-3</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДВИГАТЕЛЕСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENGINE DEVELOPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бензиновые двигатели: тенденции развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gasoline engines: development trends</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутенёв</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutenev</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vakutenev@nami.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонкин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonkin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">val.sonkin2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГУП «НАМИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кутенёв В.Ф., Сонкин В.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кутенёв В.Ф., Сонкин В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kutenev V.F., Sonkin V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3">https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье дан аналитический обзор перспективных технических решений по бензиновым двигателям легковых автомобилей, направленных на существенное снижение расхода топлива и количества выбросов СО2 с отработавшими газами. Показано, что основной тенденцией развития конструкции бензинового двигателя внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) обычного автомобиля является рост применения турбонаддува, сопровождаемый повышением литровой мощности и понижением размерности ДВС, снижением расхода топлива и количества выбросов СО2 при сохранении скоростных свойств автомобиля. Главной тенденцией улучшения эффективности таких ДВС будет повышение степени расширения (сжатия) до 13-15 единиц. Для решения проблем детонационного сгорания в краткосрочной перспективе ожидается рост применения и улучшения существующих технологий (непосредственного впрыска бензина, регулируемого клапанного привода, регулирования вихря), а также освоение новых технологий (цикл Миллера, регулирование степени сжатия, рециркуляция охлаждённых отработавших газов). Способы улучшения бензиновых ДВС-гибридов зависят от степени электрификации силового привода. При относительно низкой степени электрификации в таких ДВС ожидается улучшение пуска и виброакустики, повышение эффективности за счёт мер, характерных для обычных ДВС. При высокой степени электрификации более важными становятся мощность, виброакустика, размеры и стоимость двигателя, а высокую эффективность обеспечивает конструкция и оптимальное управление комбинированной энергетической установкой в целом. В отдалённой перспективе (после 2025 г.) вероятным направлением дополнительного повышения эффективности ДВС может стать реализация сгорания гомогенной бедной смеси, в том числе с использованием режима низкотемпературного сгорания. Осуществление этого направления будет зависеть от успеха в разработке эффективных и недорогих технологий снижения выбросов NOx в продуктах бедного сгорания, а также быстродействующих, самообучающихся систем контроля.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides an analytical overview of promising technical solutions for gasoline engines of motor vehicles which is aimed at a significant reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of the exhaust gases. It is shown that the main development trend gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) of a conventional vehicle is the growth of turbocharge use, accompanied by an increase in specific power and a decrease in the ICE dimension, as well as by the decrease of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions preserving at the same time vehicle speed characteristics. The main tendency in improving the efficiency of the ICE is to increase the expansion (compression) ratio up to 13-15 units. To solve the problems of combustion detonation in the near future it is expected to expand and improve the existing technologies (gasoline direct injection, adjustable valve drive, vortex control), as well as to develop new technologies (Miller cycle, variable compression ratio, recirculation of cooled exhaust gases). The ways to improve the gasoline ICE hybrids depend on the degree of electrification of the actuator. With a relatively low degree of electrification of the ICE it is expected to improve starting and vibroacoustics efficiency together with the rise of efficiency by measures characteristic for conventional ICE. The higher the degree of electrification, the more important power, vibroacoustics, size and cost of the engine, while its structure and optimum control provide its high general efficiency. In the long term (after 2025) the probable direction of the further efficiency increase of ICE may be the realization of a lean homogeneous mixture combustion in the low-temperature combustion mode. The implementation of this tendency will depend on the success in the development of efficient and low-cost NOx reduction technologies of lean burn products, as well as the use of high-speed and self-learning controlling systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бензиновый двигатель</kwd><kwd>СО2</kwd><kwd>расход топлива</kwd><kwd>непосредственный впрыск бензина</kwd><kwd>турбонаддув</kwd><kwd>степень сжатия</kwd><kwd>детонация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gasoline engine</kwd><kwd>CO2</kwd><kwd>fuel consumption</kwd><kwd>gasoline direct injection</kwd><kwd>turbocharge</kwd><kwd>compression ratio</kwd><kwd>detonation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EPA and NHTSA finalize historic national program to reduce greenhouse gases and improve fuel economy for cars and trucks. EPA-420-F-10-014. 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