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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nami</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды НАМИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trudy NAMI</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0135-3152</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП «НАМИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51187/0135-3152-2024-1-14-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nami-309</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДВИГАТЕЛЕСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENGINE DEVELOPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О топливе и отложениях. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On fuel and deposits. Part 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зленко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зленко Михаил Александрович – д-р техн. наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zlenko M.A. – D.Sc. (Eng), Chief Researcher</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhail.zlenko@nami.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кислицын</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kislitsyn</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кислицын Роман Анатольевич – директор Центра испытаний продукции автомобилестроения</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kislitsyn R.A. – Director of the Automotive Product Testing Center</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Ксения Евгеньевна – инженер Центра «Энергоустановки»</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lebedeva K.E. – engineer of the Center “Power units”</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миренкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миренкова Елена Александровна – канд. техн. наук, директор проекта</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mirenkova E.A. – PhD (Eng), project director</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теренченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terenchenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теренченко Алексей Станиславович – канд. техн. наук, доцент, директор Центра «Энергоустановки»</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Terenchenko A.S. – PhD (Eng), associate professor, Director of the Center “Power units”</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеев Дмитрий Сергеевич – инженер Центра «Энергоустановки»</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofeev D.S. – engineer of the Center “Power units”</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГУП «НАМИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute”&#13;
(FSUE “NAMI”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зленко М.А., Кислицын Р.А., Лебедева К.Е., Миренкова Е.А., Теренченко А.С., Тимофеев Д.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зленко М.А., Кислицын Р.А., Лебедева К.Е., Миренкова Е.А., Теренченко А.С., Тимофеев Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zlenko M.A., Kislitsyn R.A., Lebedeva K.E., Mirenkova E.A., Terenchenko A.S., Timofeev D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/309">https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/309</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение (постановка задачи и актуальность). Отложения в общем смысле – это неизбежное следствие процессов смесеобразования и сгорания в цилиндре двигателя, сложных физико-химических процессов с углеводородными «участниками» этого процесса – топливом и маслом. Какова роль этих участников – единого мнения в научном сообществе нет. Одни исследователи считают доминирующим «топливный» фактор, другие, с не меньшим основанием – «масляный». Между тем, понимание природы образования отложений как «холодных» (во впускном тракте), так и «горячих» (в камере сгорания) является важнейшим условием для определения методов борьбы с этим негативным явлением, в частности, и за счёт выработки научно обоснованных требований к качественным характеристикам как топлив, так и масел. Актуальность проблемы обостряется тем, что существующие методы испытаний топлив, основанные на зарубежных методиках с применением зарубежных же эталонных двигателей, становятся практически недоступны в связи с отказом ряда компаний-производителей эталонных двигателей для стандартизированных испытаний осуществлять дальнейшую техническую поддержку по причине снятия с производства моделей этих двигателей. В период общего замешательства в европейском двигателестроении и неопределённости в перспективах автомобильной промышленности в целом, для двигателей с непосредственным впрыском, всё более уверенно занимающих основное место на рынке бензиновых двигателей, не принято решение ни по методике, ни по новому эталонному двигателю. Создавшийся вакуум занимают методики с применением двигателей различных конструкций. В таких условиях корректное сопоставление результатов испытаний, полученных в разных лабораториях, становится практически невозможным, а сами результаты теряют практическую ценность.Цель исследований и практическая значимость – изучение механизма образования отложений в двигателях с искровым зажиганием и разработка методов испытаний топлив на склонность к образованию тех или иных видов отложений. Разработка отечественной научно-исследовательской методологической и экспериментальной базы для моторных испытаний топлив и масел на склонность к образованию отложений.Результаты и научная новизна. Экспериментальные исследования, в частности термогравиметрические, убедительно доказывают гипотезу о доминировании топливной составляющей в образовании «холодных» отложений на впускных клапанах. Экспериментально показано, что результаты испытаний по новым методикам адекватно отражают эффективность применения моющих присадок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Generally, deposits or sediments are an inevitable consequence of processes of mixture formation and combustion in the engine cylinder, complex physical and chemical processes with the hydrocarbon “participants” of this process – fuel and oil. There is no consensus in the scientific community regarding the role of these participants. Some researchers consider the “fuel” factor to be the predominant one, the others have no less reason to think it is the “oil” factor. Meanwhile, understanding the nature of formation of deposits, both the “cold” ones (in the intake path) and the “hot” ones (in the combustion chamber) is the most important condition in order to determine the methods to combat this negative phenomenon, in particular, and due to development of scientifically grounded requirements for qualitative characteristics of both fuels and oils. The relevance of the issue increases due to the fact that the existing methods of fuel testing based on foreign procedures with application of foreign reference engines become almost inaccessible following refusal of a number of the manufacturers of reference engines for standardized testing to provide further technical support caused by phasing-out of models of these engines. Moreover, during the period of common confusion in the European engine-building and uncertainty over prospects of the automotive industry on the whole, no solution was taken either for the procedure or for the new reference engine for the direct fuel injection engines increasingly dominant in the market of gasoline engines. The vacuum created is occupied by unapproved procedures with application of engines having different designs. In such conditions, correct comparison of test results obtained in different laboratories becomes almost impossible, while the results themselves lose their practical value.The purpose of the study and its practical significance consist in study of the mechanism of deposits formation in spark ignition engines and development of methods to test fuels for tendency to form certain types of deposits. Development of domestic scientific research methodological and experimental basis for engine testing of fuels and oils for deposits formation tendencies.Scientific novelty and results. The experimental studies, and the thermal gravimetric ones in particular, convincingly prove the hypothesis of domination of the fuel factor in formation of “cold” deposits on the intake valves. It has been experimentally shown that the results of testing following the new procedures adequately reflect the efficiency of using detergent additives.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>топливо</kwd><kwd>отложения</kwd><kwd>картерные газы</kwd><kwd>система вентиляции картера</kwd><kwd>термогравиметрия</kwd><kwd>тяжёлые фракции топлива</kwd><kwd>скорость испарения</kwd><kwd>моющие присадки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fuel</kwd><kwd>deposits</kwd><kwd>sediments</kwd><kwd>crankcase gases</kwd><kwd>crankcase ventilation system</kwd><kwd>thermogravimetry</kwd><kwd>heavy fuel fractions</kwd><kwd>evaporation rate</kwd><kwd>detergent additives</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cerdoun M., Khalfallah S., Beniaiche A., Carcasci C. 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