<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nami</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды НАМИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trudy NAMI</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0135-3152</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП «НАМИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TAWNIC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nami-462</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ  АВТОМОБИЛЕСТРОЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AUTOMOBILE  TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распределение температурных полей и изменение объёма металла в сварном соединении при дуговой сварке разнородных сталей перлитного класса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Distribution of temperature fields, and change in volume of metal in welded joints during arc welding of dissimilar pearlitic steels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусиенко</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musienko</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мусиенко Александр Михайлович – канд. техн. наук, ведущий инженер управления координации подготовки производства</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Eng), leading engineer of the department of pre-production coordination</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandr.musienko@nami.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишанов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishanov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шишанов Сергей Марксович – канд. техн. наук, начальник управления по взаимодействию с индустриальными и образовательными партнёрами</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Eng), head of the department for interaction with industrial and educational partners</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.shishanov@nami.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кяримов</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kyarimov</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кяримов Рифат Марсович – начальник управления координации подготовки производства</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of the department of pre-production coordination</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rifat.kyarimov@nami.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белозор</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belozor</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белозор Владимир Иванович – главный специалист управления координации подготовки производства</p><p>г. Москва 125438</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>chief specialist of the department of pre-production coordination</p><p>Moscow 125438</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.belozor@nami.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГУП «НАМИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мусиенко А.М., Шишанов С.М., Кяримов Р.М., Белозор В.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мусиенко А.М., Шишанов С.М., Кяримов Р.М., Белозор В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Musienko A.M., Shishanov S.M., Kyarimov R.M., Belozor V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/462">https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/462</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение (постановка задачи и актуальность). По результатам ранее проведённых практических исследований химического состава сварного шва и околошовных зон, твёрдости и структуры сварного соединения перлитных разнородных сталей 45 и 17ГС при изготовлении картеров ведущих мостов автомобилей повышенной проходимости, а также статических и усталостных испытаний было предложено совершенствование технологического процесса сварки. Чтобы полностью раскрыть суть и причины положительного эффекта результатов ранее проведённых исследований и предложенного технологического процесса, в настоящей работе был выполнен расчётный анализ температурных полей и их распределение в зонах сварного соединения, анализ изменения объёма нагретого металла сварного соединения, сделано сопоставление полученных результатов с выполненными ранее исследованиями и сформулированы общие выводы.</p><p>Цель исследования – определение влияния изменения объёма металла в сварном соединении перлитных разнородных сталей на структурные и фазовые превращения путём проведения расчёта распределения температурных полей.</p><sec><title>Методология и методы</title><p>Методология и методы. В работе использованы теоретические основы математического моделирования теории тепловых процессов и специализированная программа расчёта свойств сварных соединений, разработанная по методологии МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Различие температурных интервалов фазовых и структурных превращений в сталях 45 и 17ГС обусловлено их теплофизическими свойствами. Процесс охлаждения при сварке этих сталей между собой сопровождается увеличением объёма, оказывая при этом взаимное деформационное воздействие, из-за чего аустенитные превращения протекают при более высокой температуре. В результате происходит самоотпуск продуктов превращения и релаксация сварочных напряжений.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Методику и результаты, представленные в данной работе, возможно использовать для прогнозирования свойств сварных соединений из других марок сталей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Based on the results of previously conducted practical studies of chemical composition of welded seams and near-weld areas, hardness and structure of welded joints of dissimilar pearlitic steels 45 and 17GS when manufacturing driving axle casings of off-road vehicles as well as static and fatigue testing, it has been proposed to improve the welding technological process. However, in order to fully reveal the essence and reasons for the positive effect of the results of the previous studies and suggested technological process, in this paper, a computational analysis of temperature fields or patterns and their distribution within the welded joint areas, analysis of changes in the heated metal volume of welded joints, comparison of the results obtained with the studies performed earlier have been conducted and overall conclusions have been formulated.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of metal volume change in welded joints of dissimilar pearlitic steels on structural and phase transformations by calculating the temperature patterns distribution.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The paper uses theoretical foundations of mathematical modeling of the theory of thermal processes and a specialized program for calculating properties of welded joints developed according to the methodology of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.</p><p>Scientific novelty and results. The difference in temperature ranges of phase and structural transformations in steels 45 and 17GS is caused by their thermophysical properties. The cooling process when welding these steels with each other is accompanied with volume increase making upon that mutual deformation impact resulting in that austenitic transformations occur at higher temperatures. As a result, self-tempering of transformation products and relaxation of welding stresses occur.</p><p>Practical significance. The methodology and results presented in this paper may be used to predict properties of welded joints from other grades of steels.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дуговая сварка</kwd><kwd>сварное соединение</kwd><kwd>структурные и фазовые превращения</kwd><kwd>температурное поле</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arc welding</kwd><kwd>welded joint</kwd><kwd>structural and phase transformations</kwd><kwd>temperature field</kwd><kwd>temperature pattern</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закс И.А. Сварка разнородных сталей. – Л.: Машиностроение, 1973. – 208 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaks I.A. [Welding of dissimilar steels]. Leningrad, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1973. 208 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпухин К.Е., Ломакин В.В., Кондрашов В.Н. Тенденции развития автомобилестроения. Учебное пособие. – М.: МГТУ «МАМИ», 2008. – 70 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpukhin K.E., Lomakin V.V., Kondrashov V.N. [Trends in the development of the automobile industry. Study guide]. Moscow, MGTU “MAMI” Publ., 2008. 70 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шкель А.С., Загарин Д.А., Козловская М.А., Дзоценидзе Т.Д. Высокопрочные стали производства ООО «Уральская сталь» для несущих систем транспортно-технологических машин // Автомобильная промышленность. – 2016. – № 6. – С. 32–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shkel’ A.S., Zagarin D.A., Kozlovskaya M.A., Dzotsenidze T.D. [High-strength steels produced by Ural Steel LLC for load-bearing systems of transport and technological machines]. Avtomobilnaya promyshlennost’, 2016, no. 6, pp. 32–35. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павленко П.Д. Расчётно-экономические исследования прочности картеров ведущих мостов грузовых автомобилей // Грузовик. – 2003. – № 6. – С. 24–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlenko P.D. [Calculation and economic studies of the strength of the housings of the driving axles of trucks]. Gruzovik, 2003, no. 6, pp. 24–26. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мусиенко А.М. Повышение выносливости ведущих мостов автомобилей из перлитных разнородных сталей путём совершенствования технологии дуговой сварки плавящимся электродом в среде защитного газа: дис. … канд. техн. наук. – М.: МГИУ, 2006. – С. 105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musienko A.M. [Increasing the durability of driving axles of automobiles made of pearlitic dissimilar steels by improving the technology of arc welding with a consumable electrode in a protective gas environment. Cand. eng. sci. diss.]. Moscow, MGIU 2006, p. 105. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мусиенко А.М., Шишанов С.М., Башкин А.М. Расчётный анализ и результаты практических исследований свойств комбинированного сварного соединения картеров ведущих мостов // Труды НАМИ. – 2024. – № 4 (299). – С. 91–101. DOI: 10.51187/0135-3152-2024-4-91-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musienko A.M., Shishanov S.M., Bashkin A.M. [Computational analysis and results of practical studies of the properties of the combined welded joint of the crankcase of the drive axle of the truck]. Trudy NAMI, 2024, no. 4 (299), pp. 91–101. DOI: 10.51187/0135-3152-2024-4-91-101. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Королёв Н.М. Расчёты тепловых процессов при сварке, наплавке и термической резке. Учебное пособие. – Екатеринбург: УГТУ, 1996. – 156 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korolev N.M. [Computation of thermal processes during welding, surfacing and thermal cutting. Study guide]. Ekaterinburg, UGTU Publ., 1996. 156 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aglan H.A., Ahmed S., Prayakarao K.R., Fateh M. Effect of preheating temperature on the mechanical and fracture properties of welded pearlitic rail steels // Engineering. – 2013. – V. 5. – No. 11. – P. 837–843. DOI: 10.4236/eng.2013.511101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aglan H.A., Ahmed S., Prayakarao K.R., Fateh M. Effect of preheating temperature on the mechanical and fracture properties of welded pearlitic rail steels. Engineering, 2013, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 837–843. DOI: 10.4236/eng.2013.511101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bodude M., Momohjimoh I. Studies on effects of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of welded low-carbon steel // Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering. – 2015. – V. 3. – No. 3. – P. 142–153. DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2015.33017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bodude M., Momohjimoh I. Studies on effects of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of welded low-carbon steel. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2015, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 142–153. DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2015.33017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bose-Filho W.W., Carvalho A.L.M., Strangwood M. Effects of alloying elements on the microstructure and inclusion formation in HSLA multipass welds // Materials Characterization. – 2007. – V. 58. – No. 1. – P. 29–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bose-Filho W.W., Carvalho A.L.M., Strangwood M. Effects of alloying elements on the microstructure and inclusion formation in HSLA multipass welds. Materials Characterization, 2007, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 29–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee A., Ntovas M., Da Silva L., Rahimi S., Wynne B. Interrelationship between microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in inertia friction welded 8630 low-alloy steel // Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. – 2021. – V. 21. – Art. no. 149. DOI: 10.1007/s43452-021-00300-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee A., Ntovas M., Da Silva L., Rahimi S., Wynne B. Interrelationship between microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in inertia friction welded 8630 low-alloy steel. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2021, vol. 21, art. no. 149. DOI: 10.1007/s43452-021-00300-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belkahla Y., Mazouzi A., Lebouachera S.E.I., Hassan A.J., Fides M. Hvizdos P., Cheniti B., Miroud D. Rotary friction welded C45 to 16NiCr6 steel rods: statistical optimization coupled to mechanical and microstructure approaches // The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. – 2021. – V. 116. – P. 2285–2298. DOI: 10.1007/s00170-021 –07597-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belkahla Y., Mazouzi A., Lebouachera S.E.I., Hassan A.J., Fides M. Hvizdos P., Cheniti B., Miroud D. Rotary friction welded C45 to 16NiCr6 steel rods: statistical optimization coupled to mechanical and microstructure approaches. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2021, vol. 116, pp. 2285–2298. DOI: 10.1007/s00170-021 –07597-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кархин В.А. Тепловые основы сварки: учебное пособие. – Л.: ЛГТУ, 1990. – 100 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karkhin V.A. [Thermal basics of welding. Study guide]. Leningrad, LGTU Publ., 1990. 100 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savija I., Culham J.R., Yovanovich M.M., Marotta E.E. Review of thermal conductance models for joints incorporating enhancement materials // Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer. – 2003. – V. 17. – No. 1. – P. 43–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savija I., Culham J.R., Yovanovich M.M., Marotta E.E. Review of thermal conductance models for joints incorporating enhancement materials. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2003, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 43–52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Э.Л., Якушин Б.Ф. Теория свариваемости сталей и сплавов / под ред. Э.Л. Макарова; 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2018. – 549 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov E.L., Yakushin B. F. [Theory of weldability of steels and alloys. Ed. by Makarov E.L.]. Moscow, BCTU Publ., 2018. 549 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов И.В. Сварка специальных сталей и сплавов: учебное пособие / 3-е изд. стер. – СПб.: Лань, 2019. – 268 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov I.V. [Welding of special steels and alloys. Study guide]. St. Petersburg, Lan’ Publ., 2019. 268 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коновалов А.В., Куркин А.С., Неровный Э.Л., Якушин Б.Ф. Теория сварочных процессов: учебник для вузов. – М.: Изд-во МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2007. – 752 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konovalov A.V., Kurkin A.S., Nerovnyy E.L., Yakushin B.F. [Theory of welding processes. Study guide]. Moscow, BSTU Publ., 2007. 752 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
