namiТруды НАМИTrudy NAMI0135-3152ФГУП «НАМИ»nami-472Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ, АНАЛИТИКАREVIEWS, ANALYTICSО контроле выбросов вредных веществ от автомобильного транспортаOn control of hazardous substances emissions from automobile transportАникеевС. А.AnikeevS. A.

Аникеев Сергей Александрович – директор по техническому регулированию

г. Москва 125438

Anikeev S. A. – director of technical regulation

Moscow 125438

anikeev@nami.ruТеренченкоА. С.TerenchenkoA. S.

Теренченко Алексей Станиславович – канд. техн. наук, директор центра «Энергоустановки»

г. Москва 125438

Terenchenko A. S. – PhD (Eng), head of “Power Units” Center

Moscow 125438

terenchenko@nami.ruПорсинА. В.PorsinA. V.

Порсин Андрей Викторович – канд. хим. наук, главный специалист, центр «Энергоустановки»

г. Москва 125438

Porsin A. V. – PhD (Chem), chief researcher, “Power Units” Center

Moscow 125438

andrey.porsin@nami.ruГНЦ РФ ФГУП «НАМИ»РоссияFederal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)Russian Federation202628092026032844Copyright © Аникеев С.А., Теренченко А.С., Порсин А.В., 20262026Аникеев С.А., Теренченко А.С., Порсин А.В.Anikeev S.A., Terenchenko A.S., Porsin A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/472

Введение (постановка задачи и актуальность). Выбросы вредных веществ в атмосферу автомобилями составляют около трети от суммарных антропогенных выбросов. Действующая система контроля не даёт достоверной информации об их реальных объёмах. Для повышения эффективности мониторинга и снижения выбросов от эксплуатируемых автомобилей необходимо внедрять подходы, основанные на современных методах измерения выбросов вредных веществ. Цель исследования – анализ системы контроля и методов измерения выбросов вредных веществ автомобилями, находящимися в эксплуатации; разработка предложений для снижения выбросов загрязнителей автомобильным парком.

Методология и методы

Методология и методы. Анализ действующей системы контроля и современных методов измерения выбросов вредных веществ.

Результаты и научная новизна. Показано, что существующая система контроля не даёт достоверной информации о выбросах вредных веществ. Рассмотрены неинтрузивные методы измерения выбросов загрязнителей в газовом шлейфе, образующемся за движущимся автомобилем при смешении отработавших газов и воздуха. Неинтрузивные методы реализуются без воздействия на выпускной тракт автомобиля и на транспортный поток, обладают низкой стоимостью, чрезвычайно высокой производительностью и эффективны при обнаружении так называемых «суперисточников» – транспортных средств с наиболее высоким уровнем выбросов. Продемонстрировано, что идентификация суперисточников и предотвращение выбросов от них являются действенными способами для снижения выбросов от автомобильного парка в целом, и показывают бóльшую эффективность, чем ужесточение требований к выбросам новых автомобилей.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость. Неинтрузивные методы предоставляют возможности для эффективного мониторинга выбросов вредных веществ в диапазоне от отдельного транспортного средства до автомобильного парка в целом и могут быть легко встроены в существующую систему контроля.

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Hazardous substances emissions into the atmosphere from the vehicles account for approximately one third of total anthropogenic emissions. The current control system does not provide reliable information about their actual volumes. It is necessary to introduce the approaches based on modern methods of hazardous substances emissions measurements in order to improve monitoring effectiveness and to reduce emissions from the vehicles in operation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the control system and methods of measurement of hazardous substances emissions from the vehicles in operation; to develop proposals for reduction of pollutant emissions from the vehicle fleet.

Methodology and research methods. Analysis of the current control system and modern methods of hazardous substances emissions measurement.

Scientific novelty and results. It is shown that the current control system does not provide reliable information about hazardous substances emissions. Non-intrusive methods of pollutant emissions measurement in the exhaust plume formed behind a moving vehicle as exhaust gases mix with air are considered. The non-intrusive methods are implemented without impacting the vehicle exhaust gas tract and the traffic flow; they are low-cost, have exceptionally high performance, and are effective in detecting so-called “super-emitters” – vehicles with the highest level of emissions. It is shown that identifying super-emitters and preventing emissions from them are effective methods for reducing overall vehicle fleet emissions and show more efficiency, than toughening of emission requirements for new vehicles.

Practical significance. The non-intrusive methods provide opportunities for effective monitoring of the hazardous substances emissions within the range from an individual vehicle to the entire vehicle fleet, and can be easily integrated into the existing control system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.