namiТруды НАМИTrudy NAMI0135-3152ФГУП «НАМИ»nami-477Research ArticleАВТОМОБИЛЕСТРОЕНИЕAUTOMOBILE DEVELOPMENTСистемы защиты высоковольтных аккумуляторных батарей транспортного применения от теплового разгона литий-ионных аккумуляторовSystems of protection of automotive high-voltage batteries against lithiumion cells thermal runawayЯкуновД. М.YakunovD. M.

Якунов Дмитрий Михайлович – начальник отдела накопителей энергии

г. Москва 125438

Yakunov D. M. – head of energy storage system

Moscow 1254385

dmitry.yakunov@nami.ruКарпухинК. Е.KarpukhinK. E.

Карпухин Кирилл Евгеньевич – канд. техн. наук, доцент, директор проекта

г. Москва 125438

Karpukhin K. E. – PhD (Eng), associate professor, project director

Moscow 1254385

ГНЦ РФ ФГУП «НАМИ»РоссияFederal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)Russian Federation20262809202603107120Copyright © Якунов Д.М., Карпухин К.Е., 20262026Якунов Д.М., Карпухин К.Е.Yakunov D.M., Karpukhin K.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/477

Введение (постановка задачи и актуальность). Мировой спрос на электрифицированные транспортные средства (ЭТС), растущий вследствие повышения удельных характеристик, государственных субсидий и снижения стоимости литий-ионных аккумуляторных батарей, повлиял на повсеместное использование электрифицированного транспорта. Несмотря на ряд преимуществ ЭТС перед транспортными средствами с традиционными энергоустановками, они имеют существенный недостаток в виде явления под названием «тепловой разгон». Тепловой разгон литий-ионного аккумулятора является необратимым процессом, вызванным химическими реакциями внутри него и сопровождающимся выделением большого количества тепла. По этой причине тепловой разгон является серьёзной проблемой в области безопасности транспортных средств, которая требует комплексного подхода для её решения.

Цель исследования – анализ возможных причин возникновения теплового разгона литий-ионных аккумуляторов, применяемых в ЭТС, и описании используемых производителями способов его предотвращения в серийно выпускаемых ЭТС.

Методология и методы. В данной статье применялись методы инженерного анализа, систематизации и синтеза.

Результаты и научная новизна. В работе рассмотрены основные виды применяемых литий-ионных аккумуляторов в высоковольтных аккумуляторных батареях ЭТС, проанализированы и описаны основные причины возникновения теплового разгона. Рассмотрены варианты противодействия тепловому разгону и снижению его последствий.

Практическая значимость заключается в рассмотрении теплового разгона как основного явления, оказывающего сильное влияние на безопасность транспортных средств, и поиске вариантов противодействия с целью снижения риска возгорания ЭТС. Результаты могут быть использованы при разработке современных литий-ионных аккумуляторных батарей.

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The growing global demand for electrified vehicles (EV) due to an increase in specific performance, state subsidies and lithium-ion batteries cost reduction has influenced the widespread use of electrified transport. Taking into account a number of advantages of EVs over vehicles with conventional powertrains, they have a significant disadvantage in the form of a phenomenon known as thermal runaway. Thermal runaway of a lithium-ion cell is an irreversible process caused by chemical reactions inside the cell and accompanied by generation of a large amount of heat. Therefore, thermal runaway is a serious vehicle safety issue, which requires a comprehensive approach to address.

The purpose of the study is to analyze possible causes of occurrence of thermal runaway of lithiumion cells used in EVs and to describe the methods of its prevention in series-produced EVs applied by manufacturers.

Methodology and research methods. Methods of engineering analysis, systematization and synthesis have been applied in the article.

Scientific novelty and results. The paper considers the main types of lithium-ion cells applied in EV highvoltage batteries, analyzes and describes the main causes of thermal runaway. Options for counteracting thermal runaway and reducing its consequences have been considered.

The practical significance consists in consideration of thermal runaway as a major phenomenon strongly influencing vehicle safety and in search for countermeasures in order to reduce the risk of EV fire or inflammation. The results may be used in development of modern lithium-ion batteries.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.