<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nami</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды НАМИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trudy NAMI</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0135-3152</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП «НАМИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nami-77</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Теплоноситель с наночастицами мультиграфена для интенсификации процессов теплообмена в системах охлаждения двигателей внутреннего сгорания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heat carrier with multigrafen nanoparticles to process heat exchange intensification in internal combustion engines cooling systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">RZiori@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшков</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshkov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинский</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinskiy</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ярославский государственный технический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Физико-технологического института Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl Branch of the Institute of Physics and Technology, Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жаров А.В., Горшков Р.В., Савинский Н.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жаров А.В., Горшков Р.В., Савинский Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zharov A.V., Gorshkov R.V., Savinskiy N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/77">https://nami.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/77</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработаны способ получения наночастиц мультиграфена, представляющего собой частицы, состоящие из нескольких слоев графена с высоким значением коэффициента теплопроводности, и метод диспергирования этих частиц в водном растворе этиленгликоля с массовой концентрацией последнего 20% (ВЭГ 20%), с получением устойчивой суспензии «жидкость - твёрдые частицы мультиграфена» для экспериментального определения влияния массовой концентрации наночастиц и температуры на коэффициент теплопроводности наножидкости, так как последний существенно зависит от применяемых технологий. Рассмотренные теоретические модели теплопроводности двухфазных сред «жидкость - твёрдые частицы» не позволили адекватно описать поведение коэффициента теплопроводности λnf наножидкостей на основе ВЭГ 20% и мультиграфена. Получены экспериментальные данные, свидетельствующие о значительном повышении коэффициента теплопроводности наножидкости на основе ВЭГ 20% и мультиграфена при увеличении его концентрации и температуры суспензии. Это в свою очередь приводит к увеличению интенсивности теплоотдачи на границе «стенка - охлаждающая жидкость» при применении указанной наножидкости в системах охлаждения тепловых двигателей по сравнению с используемой в настоящее время базовой жидкостью (ВЭГ 20%). В соответствии с этим понизятся и температуры теплонапряжённых деталей, охлаждаемых такой наножидкостью. С применением компьютерного моделирования, методом вычислительной гидродинамики показано снижение на 8°С максимальных и средних температур стенки гильзы цилиндра двигателя 6ЧН 13/14 при использовании в качестве теплоносителя суспензии с массовым содержанием мультиграфена 0,75%. При этом необходимо учесть, что коэффициент теплоотдачи от нагретой стенки к наножидкости зависит не только от её коэффициента теплопроводности, но и от величины её коэффициента динамической или кинематической вязкости, что может привести к некоторому уменьшению эффекта интенсификации процесса теплоотдачи в системах охлаждения. Последнее связано с тем, что добавление наночастиц в ОЖ приводит и к некоторому увеличению её коэффициента вязкости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A method for the production of multigrafen nanoparticles has been developed. These particles consist of several layers of graphene, with a high value of the thermal conductivity, and a method to disperse the particles in an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol with a mass concentration of the latter 20% (VEG 20%). These methods have been worked out with the purpose to obtain a stable suspension “liquid - solid multigraphic particles” and experimentally determine the influence of the mass concentration of nanoparticles and temperature on the thermal conductivity coefficient of nanofluids, since the latter depends essentially on the used technologies. The considered theoretical models of the thermal conductivity of two-phase “liquid-solid particles” media did not permit an adequate description of the thermal conductivity behavior coefficient A,nf of nanofluids on the basis of 20% VEG and multigrafen. Experimental data have been obtained indicating a significant increase in the thermal conductivity of nanofluid on the basis of VEG 20% and multigrafen with an increase in its concentration and temperature of the suspension. This in turn leads to an increase in the intensity of heat transfer at the “wall - coolant” boundary when using this nanofluid in the cooling systems of heat engines compared to the base fluid currently used (VEG 20%). In accordance with this, the temperatures of heat-stressed parts cooled by such a nanofluid will also decrease. With the use of computer simulation, the method of computational hydrodynamics shows a decrease by 8°C of the maximum and average temperatures of the cylinder liner wall of the 6CHN 13/14 engine when using as a coolant a suspension with a mass content of multigrafen 0.75%. It should be noted that the heat transfer coefficient from the heated wall to the nanofluid depends not only on its heat conduction coefficient, but also on the value of its dynamic or kinematic viscosity coefficient, which can lead to a slight decrease in the effect of heat transfer in cooling systems. The latter is due to the fact that the addition of nanoparticles in the coolant leads to a slight increase in its viscosity coefficient.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>охлаждающая наножидкость</kwd><kwd>тепловой двигатель</kwd><kwd>система охлаждения</kwd><kwd>наночастицы мультиграфена</kwd><kwd>коэффициент теплопроводности</kwd><kwd>технологии</kwd><kwd>модель теплопроводности</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd><kwd>температура стенки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cooling nanofluid</kwd><kwd>heat engine</kwd><kwd>cooling system</kwd><kwd>multigrafen nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>thermal conductivity coefficient</kwd><kwd>technologies</kwd><kwd>thermal conductivity model</kwd><kwd>experiment</kwd><kwd>wall temperature</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi S.U.S. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles // Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows. - 1995. - FED-231/MD66, ASME, New York. - P. 99-105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi S.U.S. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles // Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows. - 1995. - FED-231/MD66, ASME, New York. - P. 99-105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жаров А.В., Горшков Р.В., Савинский Н.Г., Павлов А.А. Охлаждающие наножидкости на основе оксида графена для тепловых двигателей // Труды НАМИ. - 2018. - № 1 (272). - С. 21-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Жаров А.В., Горшков Р.В., Савинский Н.Г., Павлов А.А. Охлаждающие наножидкости на основе оксида графена для тепловых двигателей // Труды НАМИ. - 2018. - № 1 (272). - С. 21-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalpana Sarojini K. Gandhi, Manojsiva Velayutham, Sarit K. DAS, Sundararajan Thirumalachari. Measurement of thermal and electrical conductivities of graphene nanofluids / 3rd Micro and Nano Flows Conference Thessaloniki, Greece. - 2011. - P. 22-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalpana Sarojini K. Gandhi, Manojsiva Velayutham, Sarit K. DAS, Sundararajan Thirumalachari. Measurement of thermal and electrical conductivities of graphene nanofluids / 3rd Micro and Nano Flows Conference Thessaloniki, Greece. - 2011. - P. 22-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tessy Theres Baby. Enhanced convective heat transfer using graphene dispersed nanofluids // Nanoscale Research Letters. - Vol. 6. - 2011. - P. 289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tessy Theres Baby. Enhanced convective heat transfer using graphene dispersed nanofluids // Nanoscale Research Letters. - Vol. 6. - 2011. - P. 289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tessy Theres Baby. Investigation of thermal and electrical conductivity of graphene based nanofluids // Journal of Applied Physics. - 2011. - 8 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tessy Theres Baby. Investigation of thermal and electrical conductivity of graphene based nanofluids // Journal of Applied Physics. - 2011. - 8 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu W., Xie H., Wang X. Significant thermal conductivity enhancement for nanofluids containing graphene nanosheets // Physics Letters A. - Vol. 375. -No. 10. - 2011. - P. 1323-1328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu W., Xie H., Wang X. Significant thermal conductivity enhancement for nanofluids containing graphene nanosheets // Physics Letters A. - Vol. 375. -No. 10. - 2011. - P. 1323-1328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan M. F. Shahil, Alexander A. Balandin Thermal properties of graphene and multilayer graphene: Applications in thermal interface materials // Solid State Communications. - Vol. 152. - 2012. - P. 1331-1340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan M. F. Shahil, Alexander A. Balandin Thermal properties of graphene and multilayer graphene: Applications in thermal interface materials // Solid State Communications. - Vol. 152. - 2012. - P. 1331-1340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Х., Xu X. Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle-Fluid Mixture // Journal of thermophysics and heat transfer. - Vol. 13. - 1999. - No. 4. - P. 474.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Х., Xu X. Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle-Fluid Mixture // Journal of thermophysics and heat transfer. - Vol. 13. - 1999. - No. 4. - P. 474.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourlinos A.B., Georgakilas V., Zboril R. Aqueous-phase exfoliation of graphite in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone for the production of water-soluble graphenes // Solid State Communications. - Vol. 149. -2009. - P. 2172-2176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourlinos A.B., Georgakilas V., Zboril R. Aqueous-phase exfoliation of graphite in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone for the production of water-soluble graphenes // Solid State Communications. - Vol. 149. -2009. - P. 2172-2176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jellinelc H.G., Folc S.Y. Freezing of Aqueous Polyvinylpyrrolidone Solutions // Colloide and polymer Science. - Vol. 220. - 1967. - No. 2. - P. 122-133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jellinelc H.G., Folc S.Y. Freezing of Aqueous Polyvinylpyrrolidone Solutions // Colloide and polymer Science. - Vol. 220. - 1967. - No. 2. - P. 122-133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maxwell J.C. A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. - Oxford University Press., Cambridge, 1904.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maxwell J.C. A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. - Oxford University Press., Cambridge, 1904.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamilton R.L., Crosser O.K. Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. - 1962. - No. 7. -P. 187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamilton R.L., Crosser O.K. Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. - 1962. - No. 7. -P. 187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kleinstreuer C., Feng Y. Experimental and theoretical studies of nanofluid thermal conductivity enhancement: a review // Nanoscale Research Letters. -No. 6. - 2011. - P. 229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleinstreuer C., Feng Y. Experimental and theoretical studies of nanofluid thermal conductivity enhancement: a review // Nanoscale Research Letters. -No. 6. - 2011. - P. 229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang B.X., Zhou L.P., Peng X.F. A fractal model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of liquid with suspension of nanoparticles // International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - Vol. 46. - 2003. - P. 2665-2672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang B.X., Zhou L.P., Peng X.F. A fractal model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of liquid with suspension of nanoparticles // International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - Vol. 46. - 2003. - P. 2665-2672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu W., Choi S.U.S. The Role of Interfacial Layers in the Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids: A Renovated Maxwell Model // Journal of Nanoparticle Research. - Vol. 5. - 2003. - P. 167-171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu W., Choi S.U.S. The Role of Interfacial Layers in the Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids: A Renovated Maxwell Model // Journal of Nanoparticle Research. - Vol. 5. - 2003. - P. 167-171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jang S.P., Choi S.U.S. Role of Brownian motion in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids // Applied Physics Letters. - Vol. 84. - 2004. - P. 4316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jang S.P., Choi S.U.S. Role of Brownian motion in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids // Applied Physics Letters. - Vol. 84. - 2004. - P. 4316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keblinski P., Phillpot S.R., Choi S.U.S., Eastman J.A. Mechanisms of Heat Flow in Suspensions of Nano-Sized Particles (Nanofluids) // International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - Vol. 45. - 2002. - P. 855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keblinski P., Phillpot S.R., Choi S.U.S., Eastman J.A. Mechanisms of Heat Flow in Suspensions of Nano-Sized Particles (Nanofluids) // International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - Vol. 45. - 2002. - P. 855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar G.H., Patel H.E., Kumar V.R.R., Sundararajan T., Pradeep T., Das S.K. Model for heat conduction in nanofluids // Physical Review Letters. -Vol. 93. - 2004. - P. 144301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar G.H., Patel H.E., Kumar V.R.R., Sundararajan T., Pradeep T., Das S.K. Model for heat conduction in nanofluids // Physical Review Letters. -Vol. 93. - 2004. - P. 144301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prasher R., Bhattacharya P., Phelan P.E. Thermal conductivity of nanoscale colloidal solutions (nanofluids) // Physical Review Letters. - Vol. 94. - 2005. - P. 025901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prasher R., Bhattacharya P., Phelan P.E. Thermal conductivity of nanoscale colloidal solutions (nanofluids) // Physical Review Letters. - Vol. 94. - 2005. - P. 025901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren Y., Xie H., Cai A. Effective Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids Containing Spherical Nanoparticles // Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. -Vol. 39. - 2005. - P. 3958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren Y., Xie H., Cai A. Effective Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids Containing Spherical Nanoparticles // Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. -Vol. 39. - 2005. - P. 3958.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao L., Zhou X.F. Physics Letters A. - Vol. 348. -2006. - P. 355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao L., Zhou X.F. Physics Letters A. - Vol. 348. -2006. - P. 355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nan C.W., Birringer R., Clarke D., Gleiter H. The Effective Thermal Conductivity or Particular Composites with Interfacial Thermal Resistance // Journal of Applied Physics. 81. 6692-6699. 10.1063/1.365209. - 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nan C.W., Birringer R., Clarke D., Gleiter H. The Effective Thermal Conductivity or Particular Composites with Interfacial Thermal Resistance // Journal of Applied Physics. 81. 6692-6699. 10.1063/1.365209. - 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapitza P. L. // J. Phys. (Moscow). - 1941. -No. 4. - P. 181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapitza P. L. // J. Phys. (Moscow). - 1941. -No. 4. - P. 181.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дымент О.Н., Казанский К.С., Мирошников А.М. Гликоли и другие производные окисей этилена и пропилена. - М.: Химия, 1976. - 373 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дымент О.Н., Казанский К.С., Мирошников А.М. Гликоли и другие производные окисей этилена и пропилена. - М.: Химия, 1976. - 373 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehrali M. Investigation of thermal conductivity and rheological properties of nanofluids containing graphene nanoplatelets // Nanoscale Research Letters. -2014. - 12 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehrali M. Investigation of thermal conductivity and rheological properties of nanofluids containing graphene nanoplatelets // Nanoscale Research Letters. -2014. - 12 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahboubeh H., Elaheh G., Abbas Y. Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and rheological properties of graphene oxide-based nanofluids // Journal of nanoparticle research. - 2014. - 18 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahboubeh H., Elaheh G., Abbas Y. Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and rheological properties of graphene oxide-based nanofluids // Journal of nanoparticle research. - 2014. - 18 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ijam A., Saidur R., Ganesan P., Golsheikh A.M. Stability, thermo-physical properties, and electrical conductivity of graphene oxide-deionized water/ethylene glycol based nanofluid // International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - 2015. - P. 92-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ijam A., Saidur R., Ganesan P., Golsheikh A.M. Stability, thermo-physical properties, and electrical conductivity of graphene oxide-deionized water/ethylene glycol based nanofluid // International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - 2015. - P. 92-103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar K.D., Gowd B.U.M. Convective heat trans fer characteristics of graphene dispersed nanofluids // Int. J. Mech. Eng. - 2012. - Vol. 1. - No. 2. - 11 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar K.D., Gowd B.U.M. Convective heat trans fer characteristics of graphene dispersed nanofluids // Int. J. Mech. Eng. - 2012. - Vol. 1. - No. 2. - 11 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nika D.L., Pokatilov E.P., Askerov A.S., Balandin A.A. Phonon thermal conduction in graphene: role of umklapp and edge roughness scattering // Phys Rev B 79:155413. - 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nika D.L., Pokatilov E.P., Askerov A.S., Balandin A.A. Phonon thermal conduction in graphene: role of umklapp and edge roughness scattering // Phys Rev B 79:155413. - 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
