Thermostating system simulation model of the passively cooled traction battery

Introduction. Electrified vehicles (EVs) have been actively developed in the Russian Federation megalopolises in recent years. Due to the specific climatic conditions of our country, EVs manufacturers encounter difficulties in the design and creation of simulation models, as well as in the model design selection. The main criterion for the safety and degree of degradation (SoH) of a traction battery (TB) is the temperature range in which it is operated.

The purpose of the study was to calculate the thermal state of TB when exposed to extreme temperatures in a given region.

Methodology and research methods. The research method is the creation of a TB thermostating system model, as well as the analysis of the climatic conditions of the region.

Scientific novelty and results. The operating temperature affects the operational characteristics of the EVs, in particular, the mileage on one charge, the degree of capacity reduction during operation, and other technical parameters of the TB. In turn, the creation of complex cooling schemes is not economically feasible both during production and maintenance of electrical vehicles. Taking into account the climatic conditions of our country, the possible regions of operation were selected. The article provides a sequence of design cases selection for the simulation model. After determining the design and heating parameters of the TB, a full factorial experiment was partially used to assess the efficiency of the thermostating system with passive cooling. The discharge currents and the state of charge components of the traction electrical equipment were obtained as well as the state of charge for a single battery, including TB while simulating the operation and the movement of an EV.

Practical significance. The article highlights the problems of safe long-term operation, and also indicates the optimal, working and critical temperature ranges during the operation of single lithium-ion batteries.

1. Bakhmutov S.V., Gaysin S.V., Terenchenko A.S., Karpukhin K.E., Kurmaev R.Kh., Zinov’ev E.V. [Method for increase of energy efficiency of electromobile transport]. Zhurnal avtomobil’nykh inzhenerov, 2015, no. 4 (93), pp. 4-10. (In Russian)

2. Warner J. The Handbook of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Design. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York, Oxford, Paris, San Diego, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo: Elsevier, 2015.

3. Karnatsevich I.V., Berezin E.B. [New calculated characteristics of air temperature and its statistical forcast-ing]. Omskiy nauchnyy vestnik, 2009, no. 84, pp. 79-82. (In Russian)

4. Schmidt G., Hansen J., Menne M., Persin A., Rue R. Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 2019, no. 124 (12), pp. 6307-6326.

5. Kurmaev R.Kh., Terenchenko A.S., Karpukhin K.E., Struchkov V.S., Zinov’ev E.V. [Methods of support of required temperature of high-voltage storage batteries of electromobiles and automobiles with combined power plants]. Vestnik mashinostroeniya, 2015, no. 6, pp. 52-55. (In Russian)

6. Rusin Yu.S., Glikman I.Ya., Gorskiy A.N. [Directory. Electromagnetic elements of radio electronic equipment]. Moscow, Radio i svyaz’ Publ., 1991. 224 p. (In Russian)

7. Slabospitskiy R.P., Khazhmuradov M.A., Luk’ya-nova V.P. [Analysis of promising battery cooling systems]. Radioelektronika i informatika, 2013, no. 2 (61), pp. 8-12. (In Russian)

8. [“Raspisanie Pogody” Ltd, Weather archive in Moscow (VDNKh) Meteorological station no. 27612]. Available at: https://rp5.ru/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5(%D0%92%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5) (accessed 19 June 2020). (In Russian)