X-in-the-Loop technology for research and development of electric vehicles
https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-2-6-14
Abstract
Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The article describes an X-in-the-Loop system intended for cyber-physical tests of electric vehicle's chassis components. The system allows connecting and synchronizing laboratories located in different geographic regions.
The purpose of the study is to elaborate an X-in-the-Loop system allowing to perform geographically-scattered cyber-physical testing of the components belonging to an electric vehicle chassis.
Methodology and research methods. The elaboration of the X-in-the-Loop system involves methods of cyber-physical testing whose functionality is extended by means of connecting and synchronizing the tested objects via a global network.
Scientific novelty and results. A new research and development technology has been proposed for electric vehicles allowing for cooperation of geographically scattered laboratories within a real-time coherent environment that synchronizes tests of the electric vehicle components (both hardware and software) belonging to those laboratories.
The practical significance. The proposed technology provides researchers and developers in the field of electric vehicles with advanced cyber-physical tools allowing them to increase the effectiveness of their cooperative work and shorten the time needed for producing development or research results.
About the Authors
I. A. KulikovRussian Federation
head of power unit simulation sector, Center "Power units"
Moscow 125438
K. E. Karpukhin
Russian Federation
PhD (Eng) project director
Moscow 125438
R. Kh. Kurmaev
Russian Federation
leading specialist, Centre "Power units"
Moscow 125438
V. G. Ivanov
Germany
Dr.-Ing. habil., D.Sc., PhD (Eng) head of Automotive Engineering Group
Ilmenau 98693
References
1. Yin D., Hori Y. A Novel Traction Control without Chassis Velocity for Electric Vehicles. World Electr. Veh. J., 2009, no. 3 (2), pp. 282-288.
2. Nunez J. S., Munoz L. E. Conceptual Design and Simulation of the Traction Control System of a High Performance Electric Vehicle. Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, 2013.
3. Braghin F., Sabbioni E., Sironi G., Vignati M. A Feedback Control Strategy for Torque-Vectoring of IWM Vehicles. Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, 2014.
4. Hou R., Zhai L., Sun T. Steering Stability Control for a Four Hub-Motor Independent-Drive Electric Vehicle with Varying Adhesion Coefficient. Energies, 2018, 11 (9), 2438
5. Yang K., Dong D., Ma C., Tian Z., Chang Y., Wang G. Stability Control for Electric Vehicles with Four In-Wheel-Motors Based on Sideslip Angle. World Electr. Veh. J., 2021, 12 (1), 42.
6. Kulikov I., Karpukhin K., Kurmaev R. X-in-the-Loop Testing of a Thermal Management System Intended for an Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Motors. Energies, 2020, 13, 6452.
7. Ricciardi V., Ivanov V., Dhaens M., Vandersmissen B., Geraerts M., Savitski D., Augsburg K. Ride Blending Control for Electric Vehicles. World Electr. Veh. J., 2019, 10, 36.
8. Brest J-S., Gimbert Y. Influence of In-Wheel Motors Weight on a Swing-Arm Dynamic, Evaluation of Ride Comfort and Nandling. World Electr. Veh. Journal, 2016, no. 8 (1), pp. 112-121.
9. Gusakov N. V., Zverev I. N., Karunin A. L. et al. [Vehicle design. Chassis. Ed. by Karunin A.L.]. Moscow, MGTU "MAMI" Publ., 2000, pp. 239-242. (In Russian)
10. Kulikov I. A. [Improving methods for research and development of hybrid vehicles using cyber-physical testing technologies. Cand. eng. sci. diss.]. Moscow, FSUE "NAMI", 2016, pp. 45-63. (In Russian)
11. Kaup C., Pels T., Ebner P., Ellinger R. et al. Systematic Development of Hybrid Systems for Commercial Vehicles. SAE Technical Paper, 2011, 2011-28-0064.
12. Wu J., Dufour C., Sun L. Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of hybrid vehicle motor drives at Ford Motor Company. Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2010.
13. Li W., Shi X., Guo, D., Yi P. A Test Technology of a Vehicle Driveline Test Bench with Electric Drive Dynamometer for Dynamic Emulation. SAE Technical Paper, 2015, 2015-01-1303.
14. Tibba G., Malz C., Stoermer C., Nagarajan N., Zhang L., Chakraborty S. Testing Automotive Embedded Systems under X-in-the-loop Setups. Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD '16), 2016.
15. Gao H., Zhang T., Chen H., Zhao Z., Song K. Application of the X-in-the-Loop Testing Method in the FCV Hybrid Degree Test. Energies, 2018, 11, 433.
16. Albers A., You Y., Klingler S., Behrendt M., Zhang T., Song K. A New Validation Concept for Globally Distributed Multidisciplinary Product Development. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Induвustrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2013,pp. 231-242.
17. Schreiber V., Ivanov V., Augsburg K., Noack M., Shyrokau B., Sandu C., Els P S. Shared and Distributed X-in-the-Loop Tests for Automotive Systems: Feasibility Study. IEEE Access, 2018, 6, pp. 4017-4026.
18. Augsburg K., Gramstat S., Horn R., Ivanov V. et al. Investigation of Brake Control Using Test Rig-in-the-Loop Technique. SAE Technical Paper, 2011, 2011-01-2372.
19. Van Doornik J., Brems W., de Vries E., Uhlmann R. Driving Simulator with High Platform Performance and Low Latency. ATZ Worldw, 2018, 120, pp. 48-53.
20. Khusro Y.R., Zheng Y., Grottoli M., Shyrokau B. MPC-Based Motion-Cueing Algorithm for a 6-DOF Driving Simulator with Actuator Constraints. Vehicles, 2020, 2, pp. 625-647.
Review
For citations:
Kulikov I.A., Karpukhin K.E., Kurmaev R.Kh., Ivanov V.G. X-in-the-Loop technology for research and development of electric vehicles. Trudy NAMI. 2021;(2):6-14. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-2-6-14