Analysis of modern trends in vehicle life cycle assessment
https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-4-16-36
Abstract
Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Currently, there are new vehicle power units actively evolving and being more and more extensively applied that are primarily based on electric and hydrogen technologies ensuring reduction of greenhouse gas emissions when in operation. However, to comprehensively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the new technologies they require integrated assessment within the life cycle. The global community, minding the importance of this problem, has come to the need of development of a harmonized methodology for assessment of a vehicle carbon footprint within the life cycle.
The purpose of the study is to review the modern trends when assessing the vehicle carbon footprint within the life cycle based on the analysis of activities of the Automotive – Life Cycle Assessment (A-LCA) Informal Working Group within the official Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE) within the operation of the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29).
Methodology and research methods. The method of analysis of published documents and reports presented at the sessions of the Automotive – Life Cycle Assessment (A-LCA) Informal Working Group has been used. Scientific novelty and results. The paper contains the results of analysis of modern approaches and trends in vehicle life cycle assessment. Practical significance. The analysis results will help understanding the key issues in vehicle life cycle assessment and improving methodologies applied in the Russian Federation.
About the Authors
A. V. Kozlov
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Kozlov A. V. – D.Sc. (Eng), professor, head of the energy saving technologies and alternative fuels department, Center “Power units”
Moscow 125438
A. S. Terenchenko
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Terenchenko A. S. – PhD (Eng), Director of the Center “Power units”
Moscow 125438
References
1. [Paris Agreement]. Available at: https://www.un.org/ru/climatechange/paris-agreement (accessed 17 July 2023). (In Russian)
2. Determining the environmental impacts of conventional and alternatively fuelled vehicles through LCA. Available at: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-09/2020_study_main_report_en.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
3. Ingwersen W., Safaei A. Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment methodology and Standards. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/1_2_GHG_EPA.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
4. Considerations for LCA in the context of road vehicles. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/ files/2022-06/3_Ricardo.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
5. Ito F. LCA activity for Automobiles in JAPAN. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/ files/2022-05/16_Japan_GRPE%20LCA%20Workshop% 20Japan%20Presentation.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
6. Song H.H. Current Status on Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Korea. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-05/17_%28Korea-LCA_workshop%29_Current_Status_on_Vehicle_Life_Cycle_ Assessment%28LCA%29_in_Korea.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
7. Application of LCA in the automotive industry. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-05/13_OICA_20220531_OICA%20presentation_UNECE% 20GRPE%20LCA_v4.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
8. Terms of Reference of Informal Working Group on Automotive Life Cycle Assessment (IWG on A-LCA). Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/GRPE-87-39r1e.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
9. Wang M. Life Cycle Analysis of Vehicle Technologies and Transportation Fuels with the GREET Model. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/5_GREET.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
10. LCA Research Progress of CATARC. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/172852238/LCA-01-07r1_China_CATARC%20presentation%20LCA%20Research%20Progress%20of%20CATARC%2020221027%20update.pdf?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
11. Proposal of level concept of Vehicle cycle for A LCA evaluation approach. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/198673093/A-LCA-06-11_Korea%20Proposal%20of%20level%20concept%20of%20 Vehicle%20cycle.pdf?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
12. A-LCA-07-03_Guidance_for_levelling_concept_ Korea. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/198674003/A-LCA-07-03_Guidance_for_levelling_concept_Korea.xlsx?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
13. Clarification on level concept idea. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/198674736/
14. A-LCA-08-03_Clarification%20on%20level%20concept%20idea_Korea.pdf?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
15. Homework & Foreground system in Level Concept. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/198674736/A-LCA-08-02_Level%20Concept_OICA.pdf?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
16. Ricardo Potential application of LCA Levels concept to other lifecycle phases. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/198674003/A-LCA-07-04_Level%20 Concept_Ricardo.pdf?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
17. Bibra E.M. Comparison of LCA tools for Passenger LDV BEV. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/6_IEA.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
18. McDonald J. Life Cycle Assessmentas a Mobile Source Policy Tool. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-05/19_EPA_LCA_Final3.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
19. Bieker G. A global comparison of the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of combustion engine and electric passenger cars. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/4_ICCT.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
20. Bieker G. A global comparison of the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of combustion engine and electric passenger cars. Available at: https://theicct.org/ wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Global-Vehicle-LCA-WhitePaper-A4-revised-v2.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
21. Advanced Renewable Energy Systems. 26 – Issues relating to biofuels, 2014, рр. 688–718. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-269-3.50026-7 (accessed 17 July 2023).
22. Key factors of the overarching aspects in vehicle LCA methodology. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/ attachments/198673093/A-LCA-06-13_ICCT%20overarching%20aspects.pdf?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
23. Plötz P., Moll C., Bieker G. et. al. Real-world usage of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles fuel consumption, electric driving, and CO2 emissions. Available at: https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/PHEV-whitepaper-sept2020-0.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
24. Prussi M., Yugo M., De Prada L., Padella M., Edwards R. & Lonza L. (2020). JEC Well-to-tank report v5. Publications Office of the European Union. Available at: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/959137 (accessed 17 July 2023).
25. CLEPA Inputs for the Carbon-LCA IWG at GRPE. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/172852238/LCA-01-15r1_CLEPA%20 Presentation.pdf?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
26. CLEPA Inputs for a CO2-LCA Workshop at GRPE. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/ files/2022-05/14_CLEPA_2022_05_29_%20CLEPA%20 Draft%20Presentation%20for%20a%20CO2-LCA%20 Workshop%20at%20GRPE.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
27. Subgroup Structure under A-LCA IWG. Available at: https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/198674003/A-LCA-07-02_SG.pdf?api=v2 (accessed 17 July 2023).
28. Russian Life Cycle Assessment Experience in Automotive Industry. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-05/18_NAMI_LCA_workshop.pdf (accessed 17 July 2023).
29. Kozlov A.V., Porsin A.V., Terenchenko A.S., Milov K.V., Dobrovol’skii Y.A., Kashin A.M., Gorin M.A., Tikhonov A.N. Life cycle assesment of powertrains based on a battery, hydrogen fuel cells, and internal combustion engine for urban buses under the conditions of Moscow oblast. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 793–812.
Review
For citations:
Kozlov A.V., Terenchenko A.S. Analysis of modern trends in vehicle life cycle assessment. Trudy NAMI. 2023;(4):16-36. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-4-16-36
Views:
247
Email this article 
