Preview

Trudy NAMI

Advanced search

Analysis of ways to reduce energy consumption for heating passenger compartment of electric buses

https://doi.org/Z

EDN: OUUYQZ

Abstract

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). For regions with cold climates, the cruising range of electric buses becomes a serious obstacle to expanding the use of this type of transport. Increased energy consumption affects not only the autonomous cruising range, but also the battery life, fleet operation timetable and charging infrastructure loading. In this regard, the search for the ways to reduce the HVAC system energy consumption is a relevant task.
The purpose of the study is to determine the energy consumption for heating the cabin and passenger compartment of the electric bus during the autumn and winter period of operation in the Moscow region as well as search and analysis of the ways to reduce this consumption.
Methodology and research methods. In order to determine the air temperature in the passenger compartment, the mathematical model was used based on the heat balance equations and validated following the field tests results. The research was performed according to the GOST R 53828-2010 requirements.
Scientific novelty and results. The test results are given in terms of determination of the microclimate parameters and energy consumption for passenger compartment heating in case of different driving modes. The heat losses ratio through different leak paths was determined by means of the mathematical model. A comparison of energy consumption for the HVAC operation when using different energy consumption reduction methods is given. 
Practical significance. The results of this study can be used to improve the energy performance of electric passenger transport.

About the Authors

A. V. Kozlov
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation

Kozlov A.V. – D.Sc. (Eng), professor, head of the department of advanced power units, Center “Power units”

Moscow 125438



A. S. Stryapunin
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation

Stryapunin A.S. – research engineer, department of advanced power units, Center “Power units”

Moscow 125438



References

1. Karpukhin K.E. [Synthesis of approaches aimed at extension of the electric vehicle cruising range on a single charge. Russian Federation experience]. Trudy NAMI, 2023, no. 2 (293), pp. 73–83. DOI: 10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-73-83. EDN: TYHRHT. (In Russian)

2. Malikov R.R., Biksaleev R.Sh., Karpukhin K.E., Klimov A.V. [Operation influence of the climate system on the specific energy consumption of M3 electric bus category]. Trudy NAMI, 2022, no. 1 (288), pp. 68–81. DOI: 10.51187/0135-3152-2022-1-68-81. EDN: WPSYCX. (In Russian)

3. Basma H., Mansour C., Haddad M., Nemer M., Stabat P. Comprehensive energy modeling methodology for battery electric buses. Energy, 2020, vol. 207, iss. 118241, p. 14. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118241.

4. Clarke K., Danoczi J., Fraser R., Jansen R. Saskatoon electric bus performance report – January 2022. Available at: https://pub-saskatoon.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=157285 (accessed 22 July 2024).

5. Beckers C.J.J., Besselink I.J.M., Nijmeijer H. The state-of-the-art of battery electric city buses. 34th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS34), 25–28 June 2021, Nanjing, China, p. 8.

6. Kivekäs K., Lajunen A., Baldi F. Vepsäläinen J., Tammi K. Reducing the energy consumption of electric buses with design choices and predictive driving. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, vol. 68, iss. 12, p. 11. DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2936772.

7. Würtz S., Bogenberger K., Göhner U., Rupp A. Towards efficient battery electric bus operations: a novel energy forecasting framework // World Electr. Veh. J. – 2024. – V. 15. – Iss. 27. – P. 27. DOI: 10.3390/wevj15010027.

8. Nguyen Khac Min, Karpukhin K.E., Kolbasov A.F., Nguyen Khac Tuan [The problem of operating electric vehicles in difficult climatic conditions]. Trudy NAMI, 2019, no. 3 (278), pp. 6–13. EDN: KQNWOB. (In Russian)

9. Wang Y., Dong J., Jia S., Huang L. Experimental comparison of R744 and R134a heat pump systems for electric vehicle application. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2021, vol. 121, pp. 10–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.10.026.

10. Kraft W., Stahl V., Vetter P. Thermal storage using metallic phase change materials for bus heating – state of the art of electric buses and requirements for the storage system. Energies, 2020, vol. 13, iss. 3023, p. 21. DOI: 10.3390/en13113023.

11. Dreißigacker V., Hofer L. High-performance solid medium thermal energy storage system for heat supply in battery electric vehicles: proof of concept and experimental testing. Applied Sciences, 2022, vol. 12, iss. 10943, p. 18. DOI: 10.3390/app122110943.

12. [GOST R 53828-2010. Vehicles. System оf microclimate. Technical requirements and test methods]. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2010. 20 p. (In Russian)

13. Chiriac G., Lucache D.D., Nituca C., Dragomir A., Ramakrishna S. Electric bus indoor heat balance in cold weather. Applied Sciences, 2021, vol. 11, iss. 11761, p. 17. DOI: 10.3390/app112411761.

14. Malikov R.R. [Development of a methodology for studying the influence of traction battery characteristics on the operational properties of an electrified vehicle. Cand. eng. sci. diss.]. Moscow, FSUE “NAMI”, 2023. 217 p. (In Russian)

15. Broatch A., Olmeda P., Bares P., Aceros S. Integral thermal management studies in winter conditions with a global model of a battery-powered electric bus. Energies, 2023, vol. 16, iss. 168, p. 24. DOI: 10.3390/en16010168.

16. Haddad R.A., Basma H., Mansour C. Modeling and control of heat pump system for battery electric buses. Proc IMechE Part D: J Automobile Engineering, 2022, vol. 00 (0), p. 20. DOI: 10.1177/09544070211069465.

17. Tanyeri M.N., Başlamişli S.C. Prediction of the annual heat load of an articulated electric urban bus. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2020, vol. 40, iss. 1, pp. 27–36.

18. Liu T. Thermal management solutions for battery electric buses in cold climates: Master’s degree thesis. Aalto University, 2019, p. 108.

19. Göhlich1 D., Fay T.-A., Jefferies D., Lauth E., Kunith A., Zhang X. Design of urban electric bus systems. Design Science, 2018, vol. 4, no. 15, p. 28. DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2018.10.

20. [Archive of average monthly weather in Moscow]. Available at: http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/history/27612.htm (accessed 31 July 2024). (In Russian)


Review

For citations:


Kozlov A.V., Stryapunin A.S. Analysis of ways to reduce energy consumption for heating passenger compartment of electric buses. Trudy NAMI. 2025;(2):91-103. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/Z. EDN: OUUYQZ

Views: 10


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 0135-3152 (Print)