Current trends in assessing fuel economy of heavy duty vehicles
EDN: OMRNSS
Abstract
Introduction (problem statement and relevance). In recent decades, special attention has been paid to reducing the so-called “carbon footprint”, which in relation to automobile transport means reducing consumption of oil and gas fuels and switching to new types of energy carriers such as electricity and hydrogen. The issue of assessing and regulating fuel economy of heavy-duty vehicles has been dealt with globally since 2018, with many countries having joined this process, as a result of which standards for fuel consumption per unit of run and/or CO2 emissions are currently in effect or are planned to be introduced in the coming years in the European Union countries, the United Kingdom, the USA, Canada, China, India, and Japan. In 2019, the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA) initiated a series of meetings within the Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE) of the UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) which were aimed at analysis of existing methods of assessment and standards of fuel economy of heavy-duty vehicles in order to find ways to harmonize those requirements among the global community.
The purpose of the study is to review current trends in improving methods of assessing and regulating fuel economy of heavy-duty vehicles within the activity of the Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE) of the UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations.
Methodology and research methods. Analysis of published documents and reports made at GRPE working party meetings. Scientific novelty and results. The paper presents results of analysis of modern approaches and trends in assessing fuel economy of heavy-duty vehicles.
Practical significance. The results of the analysis will help to understand the key issues of assessing fuel economy of heavy-duty vehicles and improve the regulatory framework applied in the Russian Federation.
About the Authors
A. V. Kozlov
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Kozlov A.V. – D.Sc. (Eng), professor, head of the department of advanced power units, Center “Power units”.
Moscow 125438
A. S. Terenchenko
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Terenchenko A.S. – PhD (Eng), director of the Center “Power units”
Moscow 125438
References
1. Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 Setting CO2 Emission Performance Standards for New Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Amending Regulations (EC) no. 595/2009 and (EU) 2018/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 96/53/ EC. Official Journal of the European Union (OJ) L 198/202 (July 25, 2019). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1242/oj (accessed 17 October 2024).
2. Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) no. 663/2009 and (EC) No. 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/ EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) no. 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1999/oj (accessed 17 October 2024).
3. Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Council and the Parliament of 30 June 2021 Establishing the Framework for Achieving Climate Neutrality and Amending Regulation (EC) no. 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (European Climate Law). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/1119/oj (accessed 17 October 2024).
4. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 of 1 August 2022 Implementing Regulation (EC) no. 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as Regards the Performance of Heavy-Duty Trailers with Regard to Their Influence on the CO2 Emissions, Fuel Consumption, Energy Consumption and Zero Emission Driving Range of Motor Vehicles and Amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683, OJ L 205/145 (August 1, 2022). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2022/1362/oj (accessed 17 October 2024).
5. The revised CO2 standards for heavy-duty vehicles in the European Union. Available at: https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ID-130-%E2%80%93-EU-CO2_policy_update_final.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
6. Heavy-Duty vehicles CO2 determination and standards in the EU. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/HDV_FE_Session1_EU.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
7. Vehicle energy consumption calculation TOol – VECTO. Available at: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/transport/road-transport-reducing-co2-emissions-vehicles/vehicle-energy-consumption-calculation-tool-vecto_en (accessed 17 October 2024).
8. Terenchenko A.S., Strjapunin A.S. [Estimation of CO2 emissions from KAMAZ-54901 truck with the use of regulation (EU) 2017/2400 methodology]. Trudy NAMI, 2023, no. 4 (295), pp. 61–68. DOI: 10.51187/0135-3152-2023-4-61-68. EDN: BLJFTB. (In Russian)
9. Buysse C., Sharpe B., Delgadohttps O. Efficiency technology potential for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in the United States through 2035. Available at: http://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/efficiency-tech-potential-hdvs-us-2035-nov21.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
10. Greenhouse gas emissions standards and fuel efficiency standards for medium- and heavy-duty engines and vehicles. Federal Register, 2011, vol. 76, no. 179. 408 p. Available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2011-09-15/pdf/2011-20740.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
11. Greenhouse gas emissions and fuel efficiency standards for medium- and heavy-duty engines and vehicles – Phase 2. Federal Register, 2016, vol. 81, no. 206. 797 p. Available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-10-25/pdf/2016-21203.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
12. Greenhouse gas emissions standards for heavy-duty vehicles – Phase 3. Federal Register, 2024, vol. 89, no. 78. 392 p. Available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-04-22/pdf/2024-06809.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
13. National Standard of China. Fuel consumption limits for heavy-duty commercial vehicles. Available at: https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/China-Stage-3-Standards-GB30510-2018.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
14. The Stage 4 proposed amendment to China’s heavy-duty vehicle fuel consumption standard: ICCT reflections. Available at: https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/China-Stage-4-briefing-A4-v3.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
15. Energy consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles in China. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/HDV_FE_Session1_China.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
16. Fuel economy standard and test procedure for HD vehicles in Japan. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/HDV_FE_Session1_Japan.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
17. Second-phase fuel economy standards for on-road heavy-duty vehicles in Japan. Available at: https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Japan_HDV_FE_Phase_2_20190129.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
18. Notification No. 2030-399. Guidelines for the application of average energy consumption efficiency standards and greenhouse gas standards for medium and heavy-duty vehicles. Available at: https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulSeq=2100000196337 (accessed 17 October 2024).
19. Seo J., Park S. Developing an official program to calculate heavy-duty vehicles CO2 emissions in Korea. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2023, vol. 120, no. 103774. 18 p. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103774 (accessed 17 October 2024).
20. Ministry of Power. Notification S.O. 3215 (E). Available at: https://www.transportpolicy.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2020-fuel-consumption-standards.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
21. Heavy-duty trucks in India: technology potential and Cost-effectiveness of fuel-efficiency technologies in the 2025–2030 time frame. Available at: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/heavy%20duty%20trucks%20in%20india.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
22. Ley 21305. Sobre eficiencia energética. Available at: https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1155887 (accessed 17 October 2024).
23. National Electromobility Strategy. Available at: https://www.iea.org/policies/14381-national-electromobility-strategy (accessed 17 October 2024).
24. Rota Program 2030. Available at: https://mover.fundep.ufmg.br/program/ (accessed 17 October 2024).
25. Canada: Heavy-duty: GHG. Available at: https://www.transportpolicy.net/standard/canada-heavy-duty-ghg/ (accessed 17 October 2024).
26. Latest iterations of HDV Fuel Economy standards. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/HDV_FE_Session1_ICCT.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
27. Regulation (EU) 2024/1610 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 as regards strengthening the CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles and integrating reporting obligations, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/858 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/956. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1610/oj (accessed 17 October 2024).
28. First elements to be considered for global harmonization – Component testing as part of HDV FE regulatory frameworks. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/HDV_FE_Session2_OICA.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
29. Latest iterations of HDV fuel economy standards. Global overview of heavy duty fuel economy standards. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/HDV_FE_Session1_OICA.pptx (accessed 17 October 2024).
30. Terms of reference and rules of procedure for the Informal Working Group on Fuel Economy Harmonization. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/GRPE-91-35e.pdf (accessed 17 October 2024).
31. Tokarev A.A. [Fuel efficiency and traction-speed qualities of the vehicle]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1982. 224 p. (In Russian)
32. Moskovkin V.V., Evgrafov A.N., Petrushov V.A. [Fuel efficiency of trucks and road trains. Research and calculation methods]. Moscow, NIINavtoprom Publ., 1979. 44 p. (In Russian)
33. Petrushov V.A. [Power balance of the cvehicle]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1984. 160 p. (In Russian)
34. Erokhov V.I. [Energy sources for ground vehicles]. Moscow, Goryachaya Liniya – Telekom Publ., 2023. 500 p. (In Russian)
35. Karabtsev V.S. [Improving fuel efficiency and traction-speed properties of a main road train by improving methods and a comprehensive criterion for assessing operational efficiency at the design and development stage. Cand. eng. sci. diss.]. Naberezhnye Chelny, Kamskaya inzhenerno-ekonomicheskaya akademiya, 2009. 173 p. (In Russian)
Review
For citations:
Kozlov A.V., Terenchenko A.S. Current trends in assessing fuel economy of heavy duty vehicles. Trudy NAMI. 2025;(3):96-114. (In Russ.) EDN: OMRNSS
Views:
48
Email this article 
