City electric vehicles of various types. Comparative economic analysis

The paper presents the results of a comparison of the economic efficiency of various types of energy carriers for electric vehicles. Battery electric vehicles charged from a centralized power grid, electric vehicles based on an air-hydrogen electrochemical generator, as well as promising vehicles equipped with an air-aluminum electrochemical generator are considered. The costs of the energy carrier and the power unit are calculated for the life cycle of an individual passenger electric vehicle and a light com mercial vehicle. The cost of energy includes the costs of its production, delivery to the charging (filling) stations, the maintaining costs of the charging (filling) infrastructure. It has been shown that the lowest costs occur when an electric vehicle is equipped with an air-aluminum electrochemical generator. For both passenger and electric freight vehicles equipped with an air-aluminum electrochemical generator, costs are 1.5-2 times lower compared to an battery electric vehicle and 3-4 times lower than of an electric vehicle based on an air-hydrogen electrochemical generator. Thus, aluminum as an energy carrier for vehicles has good prospects. Despite its high cost, on-board power units and a refueling infrastructure turn out to be much simpler, and therefore cheaper, than the battery and hydrogen analogues. But, at the same time, the organization of a closed aluminum fuel cycle requires the creation of a large-scale infrastructure supported by the state. In this case, the industry of electric vehicles use on aluminum can develop in parallel with the battery and hydrogen transport. They are most preferable in regions with low density of power grid infrastructure and large cheap sources of electricity, for example, nuclear and hydroelectric power units, which make it possible to effectively organize a closed cycle of aluminum production (Russia, Canada, Brazil, etc.).

air-aluminum electrochemical generator, battery electric vehicle, economic efficiency, airhydrogen electrochemical generator

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