Neutralization of non-normative toxic diesel exhaust components
Abstract
Introduction. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including benz-α-pyrene (BaP) and aldehydes (RCHO), are highlighted in the list of substances contained in the diesel engines exhaust gas. The specific toxicity of these compounds exceeds the toxicity of CO, HC, NOx emissions by several orders of magnitude, as well as of dispersed particles normalized by modern environmental standards. Because of the analysis complexity the methods of eliminating the real toxicological BaP and RCHO hazards remain poorly understood.
The purpose of the study was to develop a method of BaP and RCHO analysis in diesel exhaust gas. Methodology and research methods. The article presents the results of the analytical means development to estimate BaP and RCHO emissions in some domestic diesel engines exhaust gases. To determine PAHs in diesel engines exhaust gas by the Shpolsky method the operation of sample preparation was improved and an original methodology of separate and total control using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine was proposed to analyze RCHO.
Scientific novelty and results. To determine separate and integral (UN Regulation No. 49) emissions of BaP and RCHO from the exhaust gas of the D-120, MMZ-245.9 and YaMZ-236A diesel engines that are widespread in the Russian Federation the above analytical methods were used. Studies have shown that the toxicological effect of BaP and RCHO emissions is comparable to NOx emissions, and therefore, their neutralization is necessary. The technology of catalytic oxidation of BaP and RCHO on alumina-platinum and alumina-palladium metal-block catalysts was proposed to solve this problem.
Practical significance. The complex of studies showed that being processed by such catalysts, the integral emission of BaP and aldehydes in exhaust gas decreased by more than 80%. The results of the work were confirmed by the catalytic neutralization of diesel exhaust gases converted to work on dimethylether.
About the Author
V. I. Panchishnyi
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD (Eng), leading expert of Expert Council
Moscow 125438
References
1. Vershkov L.V., Groshev V.L., Gavrilov V.V., Burtseva N.N. [Temporary methodology for determining prevented environmental damage]. Moscow, 1999. 173 p. (In Russian)
2. [Maximum allowable concentration (MPC) of pollutants in the atmospheric air of populated areas. Hygienic standards GN 2.1.6.1338.03, Ministry of Health of Russia]. Moscow, 2003. 330 p. (In Russian)
3. Shabad L.M., Smirnov G.A., Khesina A.Ya. [Determination of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of automobile engines]. [“Protection of the air basin from pollution by toxic emissions of vehicles”: collection of papers, part II]. Kharkov, 1977, pp. 390–397. (In Russian)
4. Al’tman L.V., Bryzgalova N.I., Maslenkovskiy L.G., Zhegalin O.I., Khitrovo S.S. [Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust]. [“Protection of the air basin from pollution by toxic emissions of vehicles”: collection of papers, part I]. Kharkov, 1977, pp. 3–13. (In Russian)
5. Khesin A.I., Skudatin M.E., Ushmodin V.N. [Carcinogenic danger of automobile tires]. Natsional’naya bezopasnost’ i geopolitika Rossii, 2003, no. 10-11 (51-52), pp. 51–52. (In Russian)
6. Kutenev V.F., Semenikhin A.N., Smirnov G.A., Topunov V.N. [On the effect of engine design on the emission of benz-a-pyrene with exhaust gases]. Mezhdunarodnyy sbornik nauchnykh rabot VZMI, Moscow, 1980, pp. 28–35. (In Russian)
7. Smirnov G.A., Filiposyants T.R., Kratko A.P. [Studies of benzo (a) pyrene and major toxic components in diesel engine exhaust]. [“Protection of the air basin from pollution by toxic emissions of vehicles”: collection of papers, part II]. Kharkov, 1977, pp. 313–331. (In Russian)
8. Assad M.S., Grushevskiy V.V., Penyazykov O.G., Tarasenko I.N. [Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in combustion products of gasoline engines]. Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2018, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 341–346. (In Russian)
9. Anisimov M.Yu. [Study of the formation of benz(a) pyrene in the combustion chambers of aircraft gas turbine engines. Cand. eng. sci. diss. abstr.]. Samara, 1991. 16 p. (In Russian)
10. Orlov M.Yu. [Study of the influence of the chemical composition of fuel on the formation and release of benz(a)pyrene during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in gas turbine combustion chambers. Cand. eng. sci. diss. abstr.]. Samara, 1994. 24 p. (In Russian)
11. Masleeva O.V., Kuragina T.I., Pachurin G.V. [Improving the environmental friendliness through the use of mini-TPS with gas piston engines]. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2010 12 (1-9):2302-2305. (In Russian)
12. Shkalikova V.P. [Some operational characteristics of the operation of engines on fuels with additives of alcohol]. Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Inzhenernye issledovaniya, 2004, no. 2 (9), pp. 5–7. (In Russian)
13. Markov V.A., Gayvoronskiy A.I., Devyanin S.N., Ponomarev E.G. [Rapeseed oil as an alternative diesel fuel]. Avtomobil’naya promyshlennost’, 2006, no. 2, pp. 1–3. (In Russian)
14. Zarante P.H.B., Sodré J.R. Comparison of aldehyde emissions simulation with FTIR measurements in the exhaust of a spark ignition engine fueled by ethanol. Heat Mass Transfer 54, 2079–2087 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2295-5.
15. Lerner M.O., Khesina A.Ya., Goncharov V.V., Bakaleynik A.M., Aramyan P.A. [The effect of the group composition of fuel and antiknock on the concentration of carbon monoxide and benzo (a) pyrene in the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine]. [“Protection of the air basin from pollution by toxic emissions of vehicles”: collection of papers, part II]. Kharkov, 1977, pp. 78–92. (In Russian)
16. Gureev A.A., Kamfer G.M. [Piston engine fuel volatility]. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1982, pp. 190–200. (In Russian)
17. Panchishnyi V.I. [Catalytic treatment of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines]. [“Problems of kinetics and catalysis. Deep catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons”: collection of papers]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1981. Vol. 18, pp. 145–168. (In Russian)
18. Dykyj J., Svoboda J., Wilhoit R.C., Frenkel M., Hall K.R. Vapor Pressure and Antoine Coefficients for Hydrocarbons and Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium, and Halogen Containing Organic Compounds, vol. IV/20A. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. 773 p.
19. Panchishnyi V.I., Al’tman L.V., Maslenkovskiy L.G. [Determination of aldehydes in the exhaust by gas chromatography]. [“Systems and means for reducing the toxicity of diesel exhaust gases”: collection of papers]. Moscow, TsNIITEI Traktorosel’khozmash Publ., 1980. Issue no. 4, pp. 6–9. (In Russian)
Review
For citations:
Panchishnyi V.I. Neutralization of non-normative toxic diesel exhaust components. Trudy NAMI. 2020;(2):44-54. (In Russ.)
Views:
125
Email this article 
