PROBLEMS OF THE GASOLINE ENGINE WITH HIGH SUPERCHARGING: ABNORMAL COMBUSTION

Due to the internal combustion engine (ICE) dimension reduction the increase in average effective pressure and power density to the level of about 25 bar and 100 kW/l in modern gasoline ICE with a high supercharging has helped to significantly reduce fuel consumption and the amount of harmful emissions (including CO₂). However, the problems of reliability were aggravated by the abnormal combustion phenomena: detonation, glow ignition, pre-ignition and mega-detonation. Further improvement in the efficiency of the engine due to the increase of boost pressure and the decrease in its dimension significantly depended on the solution of abnormal combustion problems. The article is devoted to a review of the features of different abnormal combustion modes in gasoline ICEs with high supercharging, as well as to the analysis of the effect of constructive and regime factors on these combustion modes and specific solutions aimed at suppressing abnormal combustion. It has been shown that the stiffness of abnormal combustion and the predisposition of the internal combustion engine to it depended on temperature, pressure, homogeneity of end gas, duration of combustion, fuel and oil properties, and contamination of the combustion chamber by combustion products. It was noted that the most critical modes of abnormal combustion were pre-ignition and mega-detonation occurring sporadically when operating at low speeds with a high load, that increased the combustion pressure to 15-40 MPa and were very destructive for the engine. It was shown that an effective method of suppressing abnormal combustion was: the combination of high boost with direct injection of fuel, regulated by a valve drive; recirculation of cooled exhaust gases; complex engine cooling; rapid combustion and accurate calibration. This approach can provide the future downsizing engines with a reliability of operation, avoid abnormal combustion and provide a high power density with an efficiency of 40%.

gasoline engine, abnormal combustion, detonation, glow ignition, pre-ignition, mega-detonation, high supercharging, downsizing, direct injection, compression ratio

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