Analysis of harmful substances emissions and air quality in the passenger compartment of an electric bus with diesel heater
EDN: QAXTAF
Abstract
Introduction (problem statement and relevance). It is known that a short cruising range is one of the main disadvantages of electric buses. In cold climate regions, an electric heater can consume more than 50% of the total energy, which significantly affects the range. Installing a liquid heater that operates on diesel fuel can considerably compensate for this disadvantage, however, use of such system is connected with emissions of combustion products that can penetrate into the passenger compartment.
The purpose of the study is to determine emissions of harmful substances in exhaust gases of a diesel heating installation and to define air quality parameters in the passenger compartment of the KAMAZ6282 electric bus during operation of such heater.
Methodology and research methods. The study was performed in compliance with the requirements of GOST 33554-2015 and UN Regulation No. 122.
Scientific novelty and results. The study presents results of testing for emission of harmful substances with exhaust gases of an electric bus diesel heater. Compliance with the GOST 33554-2015 requirements in terms of air quality in the passenger compartment has been determined. Comparison with other vehicle types in terms of specific emissions has been provided.
Practical significance. This study results can be used to improve environmental performance of electric passenger transport.
About the Authors
A. V. Kozlov
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Kozlov A.V. – D.Sc. (Eng), professor, head of the department of advanced power units, Center “Power units”
Moscow 125438
A. S. Stryapunin
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Stryapunin A.S. – research engineer, department of advanced power units, Center “Power units”
Moscow 125438
A. S. Terenchenko
Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute” (FSUE “NAMI”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Terenchenko A.S. – PhD (Eng), director of the Center “Power units”
Moscow 125438
References
1. Liu T. Thermal management solutions for battery electric buses in cold climates: master’s degree thesis. Aalto University, 2019. P. 108.
2. Göhlich1 D., Fay T.-A., Jefferies D., Lauth E., Kunith A., Zhang X. Design of urban electric bus systems. Design Science, 2018, vol. 4, no. 15, p. 28. DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2018.10.
3. Kraft W., Stahl V., Vetter P. Thermal storage using metallic phase change materials for bus heating – state of the art of electric buses and requirements for the storage system. Energies, 2020, vol. 13, iss. 3023, p. 21. DOI: 10.3390/en13113023.
4. Basma H., Mansour C., Haddad M., Nemer M., Stabat P. Comprehensive energy modeling methodology for battery electric buses. Energy, 2020, vol. 207, iss. 118241, p. 14. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118241.
5. Konvekta website. Available at: https://www.konvekta.de/ (accessed 27 February 2024).
6. Tartakovsky L., Baibikov V., Czerwinski J., Gutman M., Kasper M., Popescu D., Veinblat M., Zvirin Y. In-vehicle particle air pollution and its mitigation. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, vol. 64, pp. 320–328. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.003.
7. Jain S. Exposure to in-vehicle respirable particulate matter in passenger vehicles under different ventilation conditions and seasons. Sustainable Environment Research, 2017, vol. 27, iss. 2, pp. 87–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.serj.2016.08.006.
8. Saikin A., Kozlov A., Iakunova E. Vehicle interior air quality standards development. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, vol. 534, iss. 012027, p. 4. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/534/1/012027.
9. Yakunova E.A., Saykin A.M. [Vehicle interior air quality]. Inzhenernyy vestnik, 2016, no. 2, p. 2. (In Russian)
10. Kozlov A.V., Terenchenko A.S. [Development of new requirements for air quality in passenger vehicles]. Zhurnal avtomobil’nykh inzhenerov, 2018, no. 4, pp. 62–66. (In Russian)
11. Saykin A.M., Ter-Mkrtich’yan G.G., Karpu khin K.E., Pereladov A.S., Zhuravlev A.V., Yakunova E.A. [Ecological problems of modern transport vehicles including electromobiles]. Vestnik mashinostroeniya, 2017, no. 2, pp. 84–87. (In Russian)
12. Oikarinen H., Olin M., Martikainen S., Leino nen V., Mikkonen S., Karjalainen P. Particle number, mass, and black carbon emissions from fuel – operated auxiliary heaters in real vehicle use. Atmospheric Environment: X, 2022, vol. 16, p. 100189.
13. UN Regulation no. 122. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles of categories M, N and O with regard to their heating systems. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-01/R122am7e_0.pdf (accessed 27 February 2024).
14. [GOST 33554–2015. Interstate standard. Motor vehicles. Pollutants content in the interior of driver’s cab and passenger compartment. Technical requirements and test methods]. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2016. 20 p. (In Russian)
15. [Resolution of the Chief state sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 2 (ed. from 12/30/2022) “On approval of sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 “Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans” (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia 01.29.2021 No. 62296)]. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/573500115 (accessed 27 February 2024). (In Russian)
Review
For citations:
Kozlov A.V., Stryapunin A.S., Terenchenko A.S. Analysis of harmful substances emissions and air quality in the passenger compartment of an electric bus with diesel heater. Trudy NAMI. 2025;(1):75-85. (In Russ.) EDN: QAXTAF
Views:
56
Email this article 
