Regarding necessity to control urban air pollution with particulate matters smaller than 10 μm which are hazardous to health of populationh

Abstract

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The researchers engaged in assessment of impact of particulate matters (PM) on the atmosphere have to face challenges connected with influence of PM size and weight on the environmental situation as well as on health of the population in large cities of various countries, including cities in the Russian Federation. Relevance and urgency of determination of PM properties, their weight and amount in each country is defined by presence of wear and tear of tyres and roadway during motor vehicle operation. This wear and tear leads to emissions of harmful substances to the urban atmosphere and defines the necessity to control the amount of such emissions. Delays in implementation of activities aimed at reduction of emissions may lead to rapid deterioration of health of the population.

The purpose of the study is to determine necessary devices using which the PM emissions to the urban atmosphere during transport operation can be controlled with determination of the amount of emissions in parts per m3 and, especially, weight parameters.

Methodology and research methods. The method is based on obtaining of comparisons of results from two types of devices during simultaneous measurement of PM amounts and weights under the same operation conditions.

Scientific novelty and results. As a result of the research conducted, a new scientific approach was developed for rapid identification of emissions hazardous for the population in specific regions or in specific city streets with PM emission control by means of inexpensive devices.

Practical significance. The proposed method to determine the weight of PM 1.0 μm and PM 10.0 μm allows determination thereof under various conditions, both indoors and during vehicle driving on different roads, without application of expensive equipment, which will enable dramatic reduction of time and cost of control measurements within urban atmosphere monitoring prescribed by international and national legislation.