Introduction. Radial cylinder engines have satisfactory mass-dimensional characteristics, though the use of a crank drive transducer mechanism (CDTM) with trailed connecting rods complicates the design significantly. Residual unbalance of vibroactivity caused by the use of crankshafts with hook-on connecting rods in radial cylinder engines is possible to eliminate by the application of the ship Pancake engine design. The purpose of the study was to analyze: links loading of the mechanism similar to the Pancake engine design by forces corresponding to a four-cycle cycle; stress-strain state of the connecting rods clips and crank heads; the engine balance and vibroactivity. Methodology and research methods. To carry out a computational research, a solid-state engine model was created in the Autodesk Inventor Pro software product environment. During the simulation of the crankshaft movement and its operating under the gas forces action, vibration displacement, vibration velocity and vibration acceleration of the engine mounts were determined. The finite element method was applied to study the stress-strain condition. Scientific novelty and results. The specialists of FSUE “NAMI” have developed projects of engines with spark ignition 3Ч 3.9 / 3 and 3Ч 7.6 / 5 on the basis of the same trimmer dimension serial parts of a single-cylinder four-stroke engine. Mass inertial characteristics of the links were defined. The values of specific pressures on the necks and bearings did not exceed those for engines with a conventional crank. Dimensions and shape of counterweights allowed to locate the center of the system mass “Crankshaft -connecting rod bearing - crank connecting rod masses - holders” on the axis of the rotation shaft. As a result of it the centrifugal force developed by these masses was not transmitted to the main bearings. It was established that the Pancake design scheme could be successfully used in four-stroke engines with modern boost levels. Practical significance. The developed three-cylinder engines can be of practical interest for light-engine aircraft, mobile electric generators, motor-compressors, combined power plants for road transport and other devices (including special-purpose ones).

Introduction. The maintainance of energy balance, the ensurance of modern environmental requirements and the guarantee of both uninterrupted operation of the engine and the entire fuel system require efective controlling of the low-pressure fuel system is required. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the schemes, organization and methods of discrete control of a low-pressure fuel system; to make comparative studies of centrifugal pumps of various manufacturers; to determine their efficiency under various operating conditions. Methodology and research methods. To reach the purpose of the study the material balance of the low pressure fuel system was calculated. The energy balance equations were compiled to determine the overall picture of the energy use in the low-pressure fuel system and to identify the ways of its improvement. Scientific novelty and results. The results of a comparative analysis of ways to control a low fuel pressure system based on material and energy balances were presented. The principles of the low pressure fuel system with complex configuration tanks were described. The results of experimental studies of fuel pumps of different manufacturers were given. It has been established that the efficiency of the fuel pump did not depend on the pressure, being determined only by the fuel supply. When half reduced, the fuel supply led to the quarter -reducing of the efficiency of the pump. A comparative analysis of the schemes, organization and methods of frequency and discrete control of the low-pressure fuel system was carried out. The practical significance is presented by the results of the comparative analysis of the schemes, organization and methods of frequency and discrete control of a low-pressure fuel system, as well as of the systems effective functioning conditions for various speed and engine load modes.

Introduction. One of the main requirements for piston engines of low and moderate power is their high balance, which conditions their low vibroactivity. The purpose of the study was to conduct a numerical analysis of the balance and low-frequency vibration of a two-cylinder two-shaft engine with a Neander Motors mechanism. A criterion based on the root-mean-square values of the vertical vibration displacements was used to determine the quantity of the imbalance and low-frequency vibration of this engine. Methodology and research methods. An engine solid-state spatial model with the Neander Motors mechanism, including a two-shaft conversion mechanism and body parts, was created in accordance with the numerical analysis method in the environment of the software product Autodesk Inventor Professional. The dynamics problems of the mechanical and mechatronic systems were solved with the automatic formation of links motion equations on the basis of the Lagrange equations followed by their numerical integration. Scientific novelty and results. The numerical results analysis of low-frequency vibration caused by unbalance and gas forces in a two-cylinder two-shaft diesel engine have been given according to the Neander scheme. Its advantages over two-cylinder engines with a crank mechanism were shown. The conclusion was drawn concerning the expediency of this scheme for low and moderate power engines. Practical significance. The analysis of the comparative data of the Neander 2ЧН 8/8 and КШМ 2ЧН 10,5/12,7 engines allowed to conclude that the Neander engine had a high balance and low vibroactivity, and therefore its further practical study seems reasonable, including its application in ground vehicles.

Introduction. The difficulties of operation in different climatic conditions are the main reasons that prevent widespreading of electromobile transport. These difficulties are caused mainly by the design features of such vehicles. First and foremost, they refer to the traction battery and its operation in conditions of low and elevated ambient temperatures. The purpose of this study was to develop conceptual and structural solutions to create universal cooling systems for electric vehicles, ensuring their effective operation in different climatic conditions. Methodology and research methods. The method of analytical study of the vehicle properties obtained on the basis of experimental data in various modes of its operation was used. Scientific novelty and results. A efficient temperature control system has been developed to make the operation of electric vehicles in a wide range of temperatures possible. The principle and the basic architecture of constructing thermal control of several vehicle components combined into one fluid circuit were described. Special attention was paid to the principle of automatic mode operation of the considered temperature control system, which provided the specified optimal temperature balance, regardless of different climatic and road conditions. Practical significance. The developed temperature control system was applied to an experimental electromobile. The article has presented the laboratory and road tests results concerning the performance of the developed temperature control system under various driving conditions. The obtained results confirmed the necessity to use implemented conceptual and layout solutions in temperature control systems of electromobile.

Introduction. Electric vehicle voltage converters are used to provide power to low-voltage consumers of electricity (warning lights, lamps, pumps, etc.). The importance of charging a low-voltage battery and providing power to the on-board systems (electronic control systems, security systems, etc.) is difficult to overestimate. Therefore ensuring the safe operation of the voltage converter is an extremely important task. There are many factors and phenomena that negatively affect the magnitude of the voltage value in the high-voltage circuit of an electric vehicle, and hence the input voltage of the conversion devices. The problem of electrical equipment reliability in a vehicle with electric drive was raised to be solved by monitoring and maintaining the required power supply parameters. The purpose of the study was to develop and research the system of protection against low and high input voltage at the conversion device input. Methodology and research methods. For the theoretical level of research, the method of analysis and synthesis was used, for the empirical one the material modeling method was applied. Scientific novelty and results. The structural and circuit diagrams of the undervoltage and increased input voltage protection device were developed on the basis of the TLV431 chip for the DC/DC converter modules equipped with a switching control input. The analytical calculations for this system and its components were tested in the Proteus computer simulation software package. The factors that negatively affected the voltage stability in a high-voltage electric vehicle system were also indicated. Practical significance. The results of the study can be applied to a reducing converter individually as part of an electric vehicle equipment, by calculating a variant of the protection circuit for the required voltage ranges.

Introduction. The system of lane exit warning and keeping the car in the lane are among the main ones for driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving systems. The traffic lane both on the highway and in urban conditions is usually limited by road marking lines on both sides, which are obligatoraly to be considered while implementing these systems. The purpose of the study was to develop a primary road marking recognition algorithm by means of video in real-time execution on a low-power Jetson TX2 compact computer to provide the further use of the algorithm while developing and testing Russian transport vehicles (TV) in Russian road conditions. Methodology and research methods. The task set was purposed to achieve high detection quality, resistance to environmental conditions and real-time computation on a low-power device. The analysis of open publications testified of the limitations in the use of neural network detectors with a complex architecture. As a result, it was decided to develop an algorithm that would be a set of preliminary high-performance analytical search to be refined further by the neural network classifier. The result of the study was an algorithm for recognizing road markings by video image in real-time on a Jetson TX2 with an accuracy of 0.97 and a response of 0.84 on a sample of videos taken in Moscow. Scientific novelty of the work is the ability to integrate into the Russian transport vehicles design. Practical significance. The development of the primary algorithm on the selected hardware platform, the real vehicles neural network classifier training and testing developed as part of the research work have been completed at the given stage of the research. This algorithm can be further improved in the future, integrated into Russian TV designs and tested in the conditions in which it will be used.

Introduction. Modern semi-active suspension systems should be as efficient as possible in order to realize the maximum of their regulatory physical capabilities. At the same time, the increase of operating speeds and the traditional separate presentation of disturbing influences can lead to constructive and control errors. The purpose of the study was to determine the rational damping parameters under the simultaneous effects of kinematic and force perturbations (combined perturbation) on the vehicle body. Methodology and research methods. The task was solved by the operational calculus methods for a quarter of a vehicle model. Scientific novelty and results. In semi-active systems, the control of damping elements was noted to correspond to a change in the shock absorbers drag coefficient (or relative to attenuation coefficient). Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the effect of this parameter change on the amplitude-frequency characteristics, which in the course of solving the set task turned into amplitude-frequency surfaces (AFS). The article also provided the results obtained in the course of amendments made for the quarter of AFS model. AFSs were proposed to be respectively divided into kinematic zones and force perturbations areas. The practical significance lies in identifying the effect of perturbation and attenuation coefficient (drag coefficient) force on the smoothness and motion safety indicators of the vehicle’s “quarter” model. At the same time, a priori knowledge of the perturbation characteristics was required for a rational choice of the attenuation coefficient for each of the combined AFS areas. The influence of the natural frequency value on the AFS type, and, consequently, the choice of the attenuation coefficient, was also noted. When conducting further research, it is necessary to solve the optimization problem for a number of combined areas of AFS.

Introduction. The paper presents a solution to the problem of an unmanned vehicle (UV) trajectory planning in modern road conditions with a dynamically changing environment. The algorithm of the solution was based on the method of rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT), which consisted in generating tree vertices with the help of applying the law of equiprobability and finding the optimal trajectory. The optimal length criterion was the minimum length. The purpose of the study was: to solve the problem of increasing the speed trajectory algorithm when planning UV motion to make it effective in a dynamically changing environment; to compare the qualitative assessment of the synthesized algorithm with known algorithms. Methodology and research methods. The applied methods of mathematical modeling and the graph theory main notions were used. Scientific novelty and results. A distinctive feature of the proposed algorithm was that the search space was defined as a road map model. It has been proposed to set the roadway in the form of a trafic lane which was bounded by two lines - a sequential set of lines and the arcs of circles. For the convenience of solving the trajectory search problem, the UV was customary modelled as a circle of a fixed radius. The concept of the search space transforming and passable zones changing was presented, taking into account the vehicle model. The law of tree vertices generation was applied permitting to effectively explore the search space. A method of forming a set of trajectories prototypes as tree vertices sequences was proposed. A formula scheme for constructing the prototype primary trajectory was given, and a criterion for the admissibility of the trajectory was also presented. Practical significance. The proposed algorithm can significantly increase the speed searching of the desired trajectory.

Introduction. The article considers the peculiarities of the research work (R & D) “Ga-razh-2.1” implementation; lists the organizations, managers and leading workers who participated in the research; shows the developed type of a unified family of basic multi-purpose vehicles (MPV); provides technical characteristics and basic structural solutions of the vehicles development within a unified family; demonstrates the pattern models of automobiles created as a result of research and development. The purpose of the study was to improve the technical level and efficiency of the newly created MPV of medium and large carrying capacity, which are part of unified families. Methodology and research methods. A methodology developed for the technical structure formation included proposals for formation of the composition of a single unified automobile family, the basic principles and types of modular design, possible layouts, size ranges of the main units and systems, the assessment of the vehicles within the unified system. The methods for the general technical level assessment of individual automobiles for MPV family were also worked out, as well as the method for optimizing the loads distribution along the axes of automobiles. Scientific novelty and results. Proposals have been prepared for a promising type of MPVs of medium and large capacity possessing high tactical and technical automobile characteristics. Advanced ideas in the design of new vehicles were tested on the prototypes. Scientific novelty is associated with the developed methods and methodology. Practical significance. Modern system approaches to the development of a promising type of MPVs and their implementation on the basis of the automobiles within unified families have been proposed. The main enhanced tactical and technical characteristics of vehicles were chosen.