Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The development of calculation methods at the design stage of the balance and vibration activity of multipurpose converting mechanisms of engines differing in the classical crank mechanism is actual.

The purpose of the work was to substantiate such a technique for a FSUE “NAMI” three-cylinder radial engine with a Pencake conversion mechanism designed to drive electric generators.

Methodology and research methods. To solve the problem, both classical methods of piston engine dynamics and modern methods based on solid modeling and simulation of forced motion were used. Scientific novelty and results. It was found that in the investigated engines a complete balance of the inertial forces of the first-order translational masses and centrifugal forces could be achieved with the help of two counterweights on the crankshaft. The vibration levels of three-cylinder radial and in-line engines assembled from the same links have been compared and the noticeable advantages of the radial star-shaped engine were marked both in terms of the root-mean-square values of vibration velocity and in its spectral vibration.

Practical significance. The results of the work can be used in practical development.

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The paper presents the experimental results of crankcase gas (CG) condensate. The condensate was obtained during engine testing due to a special driving cycle. After holding at rest for 24 hours, the condensate separated into three parts: lower “A”, approximately 12%vol - water; medium “B”, about 6%vol - water-oil emulsion; upper “C”, about 82%vol - the mixture of condensed hydrocarbon vapors and solid particles.

The purpose of the research was to determine the weight ratio of fuel and oil components in the CG.

Methodology and research methods. In this work, the thermo-gravimetric research method (TGA -Thermo-gravimetric analysis) was used, the purpose of which was to determine the change in the test sample mass depending on temperature and time. The condensate was evaporated at T = 200°C. At this temperature all fuel fractions, including the tail fractions, evaporated completely, but the oil, if it was present in the condensate, evaporated in an extremely small amount.

Scientific novelty and results. The results of the “C” upper part dispersal (evaporation) showed that with a well-designed and properly functioning crankcase ventilation system (CVS), the composition of the CG contained mainly heavy fuel fractions. In the studied part “C”, fuel fractions accounted for 96.3%wt, while the rest composed 3.7%wt, being a thick, pasty black precipitate with a specific smell of aromatic hydrocarbons. It was the first time when TGA was used to study the composition of CG, and highly accurate data was presented as a result.

Practical significance. On the basis of TGA, a methodology for validation tests of ICS has been developed. The absence or low content of oil in the composition of the remnants is a criterion for a positive functional assessment of the CVS. The TGA also allows to evaluate the CVS quantity effect on oil consumption. The residue isolated during the research is a building material for the formation of the so-called “soot coat” on the plate and the intake valve stem from the intake channel.

Introduction (statement of the problem and parameters relevance). The composition of the mixture of air and gasoline vapors differs in air and vapors ratio when purging the absorber at different time of the car operation. Therefore, the air-fuel mixture entering the engine for afterburning can create uncertainties in lambda control.

The purpose of the research was to determine the main features of lambda regulation in an unstable fuel-air mixture.

Methodology and research methods. An analysis of the mixed air and fuel vapor flows entering the engine during absorber purge was made. The composition and quantity effect of this mixture on the excess air coefficient was determined. The main parameters of air and gasoline vapor mixture in the fuel tank vapor space were established.

Scientific novelty and results. An equation obtained testifies that the excess air coefficients in the flows of the fuel-air mixture relate to the mixture flow rate during absorber purge. The requirements for the composition of the fuel-air mixture leaving the absorber have been formulated. In order not to exceed these values the threshold values of short-term fuel supply were corrected and the relative mass flow value rate of gasoline vapors from the tank in relation to the air flow rate purge was determined.

Practical significance. The factors limiting the flow sections of the absorber gas-air paths and the optimal ratios of the flow sections were determined on the example of a two-chamber absorber to exclude excessive enrichment of the fuel-air mixture entering the engine during purge.

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The problem of reducing emissions of harmful substances (HS) by road transport plays a paramount role in solving the environmental problem in the advanced countries of the world.

The purpose of the work was to develop a route according to the RDE test methodology (tests for emissions in real operating conditions) to determine the fuel consumption and emissions values of worked out harmful substances in exhaust gases of vehicles, close to real operating modes.

Methodology and research methods. The analytical method of research was applied.

Results. Information was provided on current regulatory documents, requirements and test methods, together with the trends in the development of new test methods for assessing the environmental and fuel-economic characteristics of vehicles. Comparative parameters/modes of various laboratory tests driving cycles were presented, together with test route requirements and speed limits in real road conditions. The expediency of introducing and applying new test methods to obtain real data on fuel consumption was noted.

Practical significance. The direct full-scale route testing on the ground with the application of the PEMS gas analysis complex confirmed the possibility of using the RDE test methodology technique on the territory of the Russian Federation virtually all year round.

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The current Eurasian Economic Union regulatory documents do not provide cyber-security assessment for “connected”, highly automated and unmanned vehicles.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the current assessment, provided for by international standards and the UN Regulations.

Methodology and research methods. The proposed method of assessment was to establish and analyze risk and threat requirements, to be taken into consideration regarding “connected”, highly automated and unmanned vehicles before their release onto public roads.

Results. The cyber-security requirements for highly automated and unmanned vehicles at the International Standardization Organization (ISO) level, the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicles Requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in the form of ISO standards and UN Regulations were considered, as well as the ways of including these requirements at the regional level of the Eurasian Economic Union as part of the technical regulation “On the safety of wheeled vehicles” (TR TS 018/2011), the national level of Russia in the form of a change in the Government Decree of the Russian Federation dated November 26, 2018 No. 1415 “On conducting a trial operation experiment of highly automated transport on public roads”.

The scientific novelty lies in the proposed cyber-security requirements that must be applied to highly automated and unmanned vehicles before they are released on public roads both in Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union.

Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to improve the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union in the field of car manufacturing and the development of national legislative acts of the Russian Federation in this area.

Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). In accordance to the current standards the requirements were assessed: for the braking process efficiency of M1vehicles category using an antilock braking system (ABS) and the combined possibility control of two actuators - electric machines installed in the vehicle driving wheels as well as the electro-hydraulic modulation pressure unit in the hydraulic circuit of the working brake cylinders.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed ABS algorithm in accordance with current standards and additional requirements.

Methodology and research methods. The braking process computer simulation of a M1 vehicle category equipped with four electric motors and an electro-hydraulic braking system was carried out. As a result of calculations, the obtained braking parameters were to be compared and evaluate according to the requirements of UN Regulation No. 13H, as well as evaluate the braking efficiency parameters.

Scientific novelty and results. The effectiveness of the developed control algorithm for the ABS actuators (electro-hydraulic unit and electric machines in the drive wheels) has been proven in terms of meeting the requirements of UN Regulation No. 13H. Studies showed an efficiency improvement of the ABS operating due to the proposed algorithm, when compared to foreign-produced analogues.

The practical significance of the work is the proof of the developed algorithm efficiency for M1 electric vehicles category.

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Automotive manufacturers and research engineers around the world are actively engaged in improving the methods of checking the safety and durability of the vehicle, vehicle components and systems. Testing and evaluation methods play an important role in solving this problem. This article reveals the issues of using the methods for determining the equivalent mileage of a vehicle in accordance with accumulation of pseudodamage, which includes well-known methods and procedures, and also describes the results of applying the methods in practice.

The purpose of the research is development of the program of accelerated durability testing of the М1С category vehicle based on the application of the methods for determining the equivalent mileage.

Methodology and research methods. The method is based on the approaches of the material fatigue curve definition, the rule of linear damage accumulation, the theory of counting the number of loading-unloading hysteresis cycles with the rain flow method approach and subsequent comparative analysis according to values of accumulated pseudo damage.

Scientific novelty and results. The main results were obtained in the form of a program of accelerated durability testing of the М1С category vehicle, in addition, the features of using the method for determining the equivalent mileage of a vehicle based on the accumulation of pseudo-damages are disclosed.

Practical significance. The obtained result is applicable in the field of studies of the durability of the load-bearing components of the vehicle and its subsystems using the capabilities of the test base and mathematical modeling tools, in addition, the results are of practical importance in the development of accelerated durability testing of competing vehicles, similar in weight and size parameters to the studied.

Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). Reducing the power elements mass of mining dump trucks to increase their load capacity without losing strength indicators is an important task. When creating modern models of heavy-loaded mining trucks, special attention should be paid both to the design of load-bearing elements of the system and passive safety structures, taking into account their joint work. The use of topological optimization methods at the early stages of design has become widespread in the creation of highly loaded elements of wheeled vehicles.

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of loading conditions on the power circuits of loadbearing systems and protective structures, as well as to formulate recommendations for creating the structures at the initial design stage for improving the strength and safety of mining trucks by means of the topological optimization method based on the finite element method and to work out the stiffness algorithm.

Methodology and research methods. The article presents a dynamic mathematical model of a wheeled vehicle created in the program for modeling the rigid bodies dynamics for determining loads. The power circuits of the carrier system and the protective structure were obtained with the help of the topological optimization method based on the finite element method. The object of the study was a mining truck with a gross weight of 220 tons. The subject of the research was to study the methods of optimal design and use of the vehicles load-bearing structures taking into account operating conditions.

Scientific novelty and results. The influence of load modes on the power circuits of the carrier system and the protective structures has been revealed. Recommendations were given for the choice of load modes at the early stages of designing mining dump trucks for topological optimization. The power circuits of the carrier system and the protective structures were presented. Conclusions were drawn concerning the influence of load modes on the power structures of load-bearing elements.

Practical significance. The results obtained can be used to create highly loaded elements of mining trucks.

Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). Currently, the need for intra-city passenger transportation is becoming more acute. High-capacity and electric buses, including articulated and double-decker ones, have proven their efficiency both in Russia and abroad and are widespread. The fact is especially important for the cities that do not have a network of high-speed transport. As a result, in these cities the passenger traffic load falls on ground transport, the main type of which is a bus or an electric bus.

The purpose of the study was to increase the stability of an articulated electric bus with a rear pushing section in motion introducing an elastic-damping connection in the articulation unit.

Methodology and research methods. Simulation modeling methods were used.

Scientific novelty and results. It was shown that the stable movement of an articulated electric bus with a rear driving axle could be ensured by introducing an elastic-damping connection in the coupling device. The damping coefficient must be variable and dependent on the folding sections angle of the electric bus. A hydraulic system scheme for an electric bus coupling was proposed, consisting of two hydraulic cylinders, a hydraulic accumulator and spool devices, which ensured the creation of an elastic-damping connection between the sections. The differential equations analysis of the front section motion showed that its rectilinear motion was unstable. To ensure the stability of its movement in the electric bus articulation, it was necessary to create an elastic restoring moment directed against the folding sections angle. Curvilinear movement of the rear section was stable.

Practical significance. It has been established that the introduction of variable throttling in the sections folding system of an articulated electric bus with a rear pushing section increases the stability of its movement when making a “turn” maneuver on supporting surfaces with low grip properties.