On October 16–18, 2019, the State Research Center of the Russian Federation FSUE “NAMI” hosted the three-day International Automobile Scientific Forum (IASF-2019) “Technologies and Components of Land Intelligent Transport Systems”. The issues discussed at the forum were the following: the creation and practical use of intelligent transport systems; regulatory support of autonomous movement; prospects for new modes of transport; training in promising areas of transport development; development of technical means, components and control systems of intelligent vehicles; intelligent autonomous control systems and their components for agricultural machinery; digital technologies for the development, testing and production of intelligent vehicles; power plants of intelligent vehicles. In the framework of IASF-2019, a competition of scientific works of students, graduate students and young specialists was held.

Introduction. Regardless of kind of engine, air and rolling resistance are the main types of resistance to the movement of vehicles. This type of resistance power of the vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) is more than 2700 GW, which exceeds the power of power units. This type of entire Russian park capacity resistance is about 90 GW and it is comparable to the capacity of the country's power units. The article is a brief overview of NAMI works concerning the resistance to the movement of automotive transport vehicles (ATV).

The purpose of the study was to improve the existing research methods and means and standardize the relevant properties and parameters of ATV and ultimately to reduce the catastrophic thermal and toxic emissions and the burnout of the oxygen.

Methodology and research methods were based on a wide range of theoretical fundamental and applied science research as well as on many years of experience of the Institute in this area.

The results stemmed from the scientifically developed and patented products made in NAMI which underlie methods, instruments, bench equipment, the Russian and international standards for tyre testing methods.

The practical significance has resulted in making proposals for the development of the tyre sub-sector strategy and includes measures for strengthening the parameters environmental control when providing the country's tyre fleet with imported and domestic products.

Introduction. Transport vehicles play a key role in the Russian Federation economy. The article considers some issues of vehicles development designed for freight and passenger transportation.

The purpose of the study was to determine the main structural directions of the development of vehicles intended for the Russian Federation transport complex.

Methodology and research methods. To research the dynamics of road traffic accidents, environmental pollution, the development of vehicle designs the method of system analysis was used which was based on statistical materials from Rosstat, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, the Ministry of Transport of Russia and foreign sources.

Scientific novelty and results. The main emphasis was drawn to the safety and the environment. The descriptive analytics and statistics mainly concerned the results of 2018, which were difficult (sometimes impossible) to find out in the open scientific sources.

Practical significance. The article describes the main trends of road transport development to determine the tasks of the automotive industry. As a result, the main directions for the development of modern vehicle design have been identified.

Introduction. Problems and issues related to ensuring passive safety requirements for truck cabs are still to be solved. The problem is actual as no ideas of rational approaches to improving truck cabs design and minimizing their weight have been given by modern technologies so far.

The purpose of the study was to improve the truck cabs and their elements parameters at their design stage basing on their topological and parametric optimizations to meet the requirements of international and national rules of passive safety and minimum weight.

Methodology and research methods. Strength calculations were carried out by means of the finite element method. For optimization calculations, LS-TaSC and LS-OPT software packages were used with the LS-DYNA solver, which was best suited for solving fast-flowing, non-linear, percussion problems. Two types of models were compared: basic and high-precision ones.

Scientific novelty and results. The optimization results analyzed have shown that the combined use of linings and filler was the best to improve the KAMAZ cab. A comparative assessment of the structural elements behavior of the cabin initial and proposed variants basing on high-precision models was made. The calculation results of high-precision models and mid-level models were compared and analyzed which showed that the effect of doors and glass on the stiffness of the cabin did not exceed 5%.

Practical significance. The study is theoretically significant as makes it possible to work out recommendations on changing the design of a KAMAZ truck cab to increase its passive safety.

Introduction. This article discusses the reduction in the energy output of batteries of photoelectric converters (PEC) used in electric vehicles and cars as a matter of designing PEC batteries for one of the promising environmentally friendly electric vehicles types.

The purpose of the study was to put forward the problem of reducing the non-planar solar cells energy output compared to flat batteries.

Methodology and research methods. The article has been the result of an analytical study of the electric parameters interaction when connected to the battery as well as to the photoelectric converter surface geometry.

The result of the work has been a technical solution to use bypass diode arrays to reduce power losses in non-flat PECs and includes the conclusions about the need to develop calculation methods and measures to reduce losses in non-flat PEC batteries.

The scientific novelty of the article comprises the consideration of the energy efficiency of solar cells when connected to the battery from a new viewpoint, taking into account the interaction of the design features of the vehicles (the solar cell should be non-planar), the solar cell electric parameters (currents, voltages and current-voltage characteristics of individual cells of the solar cells) as well as specific characteristics of the vehicle (maximum power consumption of the solar cell battery required for limited dimensions). Various ways of reducing energy losses in PEC batteries and schemes for connecting PECs to batteries, taking into account the above interactions, are considered analytically and numerically.

The practical significance of the analytical study is the application of the analysed issues and technical solutions to the development of electric vehicles and other autonomous devices with non-flat solar cells batteries.

Introduction. The article describes the standardization methods of shock absorbers technical condition indicators (TCI) of motor vehicles to monitor them in operating conditions.

The purpose of the study was to increase the stability and active safety of an automatic shock absorbers of a vehicle based on the effective methods of their monitoring, taking into account the influence of their technical condition on the adhesion characteristics of tires with a supporting surface and stability parameters under normal load fluctuations.

Methodology and research methods. To conduct the research, experimental and analytical research methods have been developed. The bench method for controlling shock absorbers was based on their ability to ensure stable contact of the elastic tire with the supporting surface and create lateral reactions when the wheel moves through a roughness. The road method was based on the ability of shock absorbers to provide stability indicators for a vehicle driven by wheels through a single roughness. To process the results of the study, common approximation methods were used.

Scientific novelty and results. The results of experimental and analytical studies of the shock absorber performance impact on their stability indicators in operating conditions have been presented. The results of bench and road methods for monitoring the technical condition of shock absorbers in operating conditions were presented as well. The scientific novelty of the identified dependencies characterizing parameters of the tire adhesion to the supporting surface as well as the stability of the vehicle and the technical condition of the shock absorbers during operation together with their normalized values were determined.

Practical significance. The developed methods made it possible to experimentally evaluate the technical condition of shock absorbers under operating conditions, taking into account its effect on the characteristics of the tires adhesion to the supporting surface and on their stability.

Introduction. To make automotive transport vehicles (ATV) with a high-voltage battery (HVB) operate effectively it is necessary, first of all, to understand what conditions the battery is designed for. There are a number of criteria for selecting HVB for motor vehicles. One of them is the temperature control system, which ensures the operation of the product in optimal temperature conditions.

The purpose of the study was to develop a HVB effective design to ensure a thermostatic control system. Methodology and research methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, a computational and analytical method for optimizing the design of a HVB based on hydraulic calculation was used.

Scientific novelty and results. The article considered the temperature control systems preferred by the main manufacturers of motor vehicles with HVB. Technical solutions, applied designs and structural development trends of HVB thermostatic control systems have been described. The concept of an effective HVB thermostatic control system based on the considered designs, operating conditions and market development prospects of designed automatic transportation means was proposed. HVB thermostatic control systems were classified as part of the automotive transport depending on the climatic conditions of operation.

Practical significance. The presented version of the effective design of the HVB thermostatic control system can be used for motor vehicles with a combined power plant for operation in a wide temperature range.

Introduction. The last decade development of an ecologically friendly transport sector is one of the most actively studied areas. The most notable achievement of automakers is the mass-production of electric vehicles.

The purpose of the study is to work out an effective methodology for a thermostatic control of a traction battery (TCTB), including the creation of a simulation model (SM).

Methodology and research methods. The simulation model is based on the standard SM in the Matlab/ Simulink environment. Its key component is a block of a closed channel (pipeline) for transporting liquid between the coolant components with the possibility of heat transfer. The necessary list of source data and circuit diagrams together with connection diagrams of Simulink blocks (in the Matlab environment) is presented. The principle of the system’s operation is described and the ways to implement each particular component of SM and the cooling system of electric transport vehicles (ETV) as a whole are indicated.

Scientific novelty and results. One of the main obstacles to replace vehicle internal combustion engines with electric motors is the safety and reliability of the ETV. One of the main safety criteria for TSTB is its operation in the optimum temperature range. This fact stimulates the creation of TSTB cooling systems to control the operational properties both of single batteries and TSTB in general. When modeling the operation and condition of the components, a natural heat sink (5 W/m² ∙°С) was implemented. This aspect has been reflected in the findings of the study and demonstrated the efficient cooling performance of the model.

Practical significance. This SM opens up great opportunities for the development of temperature control systems as it permits to select components at the stage of system design. The article presents conclusions on the results of battery thermal modeling of an electrobus battery.

Introduction. A “mega-trend” in the global automotive industry, aimed at the significant (up to 20–30%) lowering of fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions is the downsizing and simultaneous boosting of the gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) to maintain or improve a passenger car rideability. The practical implementation of this concept requires solution of a number of problems the most difficult is the quality deterioration of the vehicle ride caused by the turbo lag.

Methodology and research methods. A review of the reasons and measures undertaken to minimize the turbo lag while lowering the internal combustion engine dimension is based on a comparative analysis of the results of experimental and calculated studies of the turbo lag presented in foreign and domestic publications over the past few years.

Scientific novelty and results. For the first time the main causes of the appearance of a turbo lag in a downsized gasoline engine as well as factors that allow them to be eliminated or reduced have been generalized and systematized. The best combination of ICE technology which permits turbo lag reduction is the one of a direct gasoline injection and the adjustment of a valve actuator. Both technologies increase filling due to the charge cooling, the first – due to the fuel evaporation in the cylinder, the second – due to the combustion chamber purge. The effectiveness of the new ICE technologies was evaluated: exhaust period separation, recompression, charge air supercooling, for extreme downsizing. A combined turbocharger with a mechanical or electric supercharger was recommended for extreme downsizing. The latter was compatible with the electrification of the power drive and allowed the internal combustion engine to operate almost without a turbo lag with reduced fuel consumption by 25–33% and CO₂ emissions.

The practical significance of work lies in the possibility of using its results when choosing a circuit and design solutions for a promising low-dimensional gasoline engine.

Introduction. The thermal regime of a diesel engine is influenced by many factors. Some of them are taken into account during the development of the cooling system (СS), the others are set by the boundary conditions, which include the environmental temperature (+ 35°С for a moderate climate, + 45°С for tropical), the diesel load mode as the maximum operational power Ne max. The thermal state of a diesel engine with a certain combination of these factors can be violated, which leads to its overcooling or overheating, to so called unsteady thermal conditions. In this regard, there is a need to develop scientific approaches and design solutions that can contribute to the provision of a diesel engine with a given thermal regime, the improvement of the existing liquid structures and air circuits.

The purpose of the study was to optimize the cooling systems parameters of a number of “Belarus” tractors with inequality constraints and applied Kuhn–Tucker conditions, when the antigradient of the objective function under consideration is a linear combination with non-negative gradient coefficients of the active constraints.

Methodology and research methods. In the course of the study stationary points were determined with the help of Lagrange function, including the auxiliary one; the Kuhn–Tucker conditions were checked for the case when the function of two vector variables had a saddle point, and the values of extremum points were determined by a system of equations solutions.

Scientific novelty and results. The given sequence of multifactor optimization has allowed one to form and analyze various design options for cooling systems in order to identify the optimal design.

Practical significance. The numerical values of the minimum surface area of the liquid radiator and the required performance of the liquid pump are determined to ensure the given diesel engines thermal conditions of “Belarus-3522”, “Belarus-4522” tractors, etc.

Introduction. The main reason that is an obstacle to the widespread use of the pneumatic starter engine starting system is the simplest electric starting engine system which has many drawbacks but which is widely spread throughout the world.

The purpose of this study was to develop the engine system pneumatic starting that would be optimal both from the technical and economical side and might be able to function normally in various climatic conditions.

Methodology and research methods. Based on experimental studies an analytical research method of the engine pneumatic starter system properties under various climatic conditions was used.

Scientific novelty and results. To ensure the possibility of applying an engine pneumatic starter system in a wide range of temperatures (climatic conditions), a promising engine starting system has been developed.

Practical significance. The engine pneumatic starter system was worked out and implemented on an experimental engine.